Nutrition Rutgers Exam

Acceptable macronutrient distribution range for carbs?

45-65

What's an anthropometric measurement out of these:

height

You are a subject in a research study evaluating the effectiveness of vitamin C in treatment of common cold. You receive a bottle of white unmarked pills and are instructed to take one daily. Upon study completion you were told your pills were made out of an inactive substance rather than vitamin C, what were you actually taking?

placebo

Of the following what is one nutrient that gives you energy:

Lipids

How many kcalories are in one gram of protein?

4 kcals

Which of the following nutrient classes is inorganic?

Minerals

Nutrient considered adequate to meet the known nutrient needs of practically all healthy people?

Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA)

The following nutrient does not yield energy when metabolized:

Vitamins

Which of the following foods is the most nutrient dense source of calcium?

1 cup of fat free milk

The following micronutrients listed on the updated nutrition facts label:

Potassium

Fortification occurs when nutrients are:

Added to a food that were either not originally present in or in insignificant amounts

On the food label if you read the following; light and fat free is 50% less sodium what kind of claim is that?

Nutrient Claim

What food is a good protein source for someone on a vegan diet?

Tofu

On an ingredients list how are things labeled?

In descending order of predominance by weight

What is the name of the mouth full of food swallowed?

Bolus

Which of your organs produces bile?

Liver

Statement that is an accurate description of the pH of the stomach:

The pH of the stomach is acidic.

What is the correct order of digestion?

Stomach, duodenum, jejunum, colon

Wave-like muscular contractions of the GI tract:

Peristalsis

Nutrient absorption primarily occurs where?

Small Intestine

What role does the lymphatic system play in digestion?

Transports the products of fat digestion into the bloodstream

What type of diet should an individual with Celiac disease be on?

Gluten-free

Where is the microbiota primarily located?

Small Intestine

Which medications work by increasing the amount of water in the stool absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract?

Stool softener

Carbs stored as glycogen are located in:

muscles

After a meal which hormone is secreted to lower blood sugar levels?

Insulin

Which monosaccharide is found abundantly in honey?

Fructose

Where does carb digestion begin?

Mouth

Which of the following is a non nutritive sweetener?

Stevia

Your friend Tom tells you he has gas and diarrhea every time he drinks milk, which disaccharide does he have trouble digesting?

Lactose

Which of these foods has a low glycemic index?

Yogurt

Which of the following habits is most likely to increase the risk of developing a dental carie?

Eating one piece of candy at half hour intervals

You consume an entire bag of sugar free gummy bears that are sweetened with sugar alcohols. Which of the following gastrointestinal symptoms might you experience now?

Diarrhea

Which of the following foods is a good source of insoluble fiber?

Whole bran

Which of the following is a good source of dietary carbs?

Corn

What is the role of lecithin as a food additive?

To mix fats with water

Which lipoproteins help remove cholesterol from the blood by transporting it to the liver for reuse or disposables?

HDL

The following source is a good source of omega-3:

Salmon

The following food contains saturated fats:

Coconut

When fat enters the small intestine what hormone is secreted that signals the gallbladder to release bile?

Cholecystokinin

At room temperature what consistency is saturated fat?

Solid

Which of the following is an essential amino acid?

Tryptophan

What is the protein recommended dietary allowance for an adult with healthy body weight?

0.8 kg per body weight

What denatures protein in the stomach preparation for the actions of the digestion enzymes in the small intestine?

Hydrochloric Acid

Protein turnover can be measured by monitoring the consumption and excretion of which element?

Nitrogen

A high protein diet could accelerate which disease progression?

Chronic Kidney Disease

Edith is a 80 year old female recovering from a hospital admission with multiple medical issues. During her hospitalization her appetite was poor and she developed a condition in which plasma proteins have leaked out of the blood vessels into the spaces in between the cells causing swelling of the legs. What condition is this called?

Edema

How would you define a high quality protein?

Dietary protein containing all essential amino acids in the same proportion needed by humans

What compound provides energy that powers all the activities of all living cells?

Adenosine triphosphate

Jenny is a track athlete that runs a 200 meter dash. Which compound provides energy for her race?

Lactate

When carbs are depleted during a period of fasting, which compound does the liver produce for the body to be used as an alternative energy source?

Oxaloacetate

Which metabolic pathway requires oxygen?

Pyruvate to Acetyl CoA

For an adult woman, which of the following amounts would be considered excessive alcohol intake if consumed in one day?

3 ounces of hard liquor

What is the average dietary energy intake that will maintain energy balance in a healthy normal weight person of a defined age, gender, weight, height, and level of physical activity?

Basal Metabolic Rate

Which part of your brain controls your appetite?

Hypothalamus

What numbers do you have to be below in order to be considered underweight for BMI?

> 18.5

Which macronutrient has the highest thermic effect?

Protein

Where is visceral fat stored?

Abdominal cavity

Which of the following eating disorders is defined by a recurring binge eating followed by self induced vomiting?

Bulimia nervosa

Which of the following surgical procedures for severe obesity involves the construction of a small gastric pouch that is connected directly to the jejunum so that contents flow around the substantial portion of the small intestine?

Gastric bypass

Which hormone stimulates appetite?

Ghrelin

What medication did the FDA approve for weight loss that inhibits pancreatic lipase?

Orlistat

Ken is an overweight 50 year old male weighing 250 lbs. What is a responsible 6 month weight loss?

50

Which of the following strategies may be helpful for someone who is trying to lose weight?

Increase water intake

Sam has a BMI of 17.5 kg per mL^2. In an attempt to achieve a healthy body weight, which of the following recommendations would be appropriate for him?

Eating more frequent meals

Chronic alcohol abuse can lead to inadequate food intake and alter nutrient absorption leading to Wernik-off Syndrome is associated with the deficiency of what vitamin?

Thiamin

What is the rate in which a nutrient is absorbed and used?

Bioavailability

Supplementation of what vitamin can help prevent neural defects like spina bifida?

Folate

Which of the following foods is a source of vitamin B12?

Chicken

Deficiency of what vitamin can lead to pellagra, a disease associated with dementia and eventually death?

Niacin

Which vitamin plays a role in wound healing due to its role in collagen formation?

Vitamin C

Cobalamin deficiency is associated with which of the following symptoms?

Permanent nerve damage

Which of the following are water solubles?

Vitamin C

In order to convate vitamin deficiency in developing countries the vial fortified food Golden Rice was engineered. What vitamin was added to it?

Vitamin A

Vitamin D deficiency can lead to what?

Rickets

Susan, an African American female, is more at risk for which vitamin deficiency?

Vitamin D

Which vitamin family consists of the tocopherols and tocotrienols?

Vitamin E

Which food is a rich source of vitamin K?

Spinach

Which vitamins are synthesized by gastrointestinal bacteria?

Vitamin K

Patients undergoing surgery should not take supplements of which vitamin because it acts as a blood thinner?

Vitamin E

Average amount of water that a person needs to excrete on a daily basis?

500 mL

Excessive water intake can cause the following abnormalities...

Hyponatremia

Hard water is high in which mineral?

Calcium

At what age range do adults begin to lose out on bone density?

30-40 years

What is a symptom of potassium deficiency?

Irregular heart beat

What type of scan measures bone-mineral density?

Dexa Scan

What is an unmodifiable risk factor for osteoporosis?

Gender (being female)

The bioavailability of nonheme iron is enhanced by which vitamin?

Vitamin C

Pica, the consumption of non-food substances, is associated with which deficiency?

Iron

The development of a goiter is associated with which deficiency?

Iodine

Which is the chief function of chromium in the body?

Enhances the activity of insulin

Which of the following symptoms is associated with a zinc deficiency?

Delayed sexual maturation

Which of the following is a functional food?

Tea

Toxicity of which micronutrient causes discoloration and pitting of tooth enamel?

Fluoride

What is the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) recommendation for aerobic fitness for adults?

Moderate intensity 30 minutes 5-7 days/week

What does the body use as the primary fuel source during high/very high physical activity?

Carbs

What type of diet should endurance athletes consume?

High carb

When athletes compete in an endurance activity lasting longer than 3 hours and not properly hydrating, they may be vulnerable to which electrolyte abnormality?

Hyponatremia

Hyperthermia can cause which of the following symptoms?

Nausea and vomiting

What is the diagnosis for the combination of the following risk factors: elevated fasting blood glucose, hypertension, abnormal blood-lipids, and abdominal obesity?

Metabolic syndrome