Drug use and Abuse Test 1

Sam repeatedly struggles to get to work on time on mondays because of his substance use over the weekends. He takes prescription pills in order to avoid withdrawal symptoms when he is at work. Sam often plans to go out on Friday night after work for just a few hours but usually does not get home until midnight or later. Which level of use best fits Sam?

Substance use disorder

In order for someone to meet the criteria for a DSM-5 substance use disorder,

2 criteria have to have been met during a 12 month time period

which of the following is/are true regarding the previous edition of the DSM (DSM-IV)?

Substance dependence would be what diagnosis would fit for someone with an addiction

Substance induced disorders include mood disorders, anxiety disorders, sexual dysfunction and sleep disorders. TRUE/FALSE?

True

According to the 2016 National Survey in Drug use and health, __________ is the most commonly used illicit drug?

Marijuana/Hash

The costs of alcohol and drug abuse in the US can be measured in the _________ of dollars.

billions

_______ refers to the general occurrence of an event, usually expressed in terms of percentage of some population; ____ refers to the number of first time occurrences of an event.

Prevalence; incidence

According to the 2016 National Survey on Drug use and health, about __ of people report having used alcohol in the past year.

65%

Which of the following is NOT included in the DSM-5 criteria for substance use disorder?

Recurrent legal problems as a result of substance use

_______ drugs are those that affect moods, thinking, and behavior.

psychoactive

The field of ______-- is concerned with all information about the effects of drugs on living systems.

Pharmacology

Withdrawal symptoms of an addictive drug are the opposite of the drugs effects. TRUE/FALSE

True

The results of surveys completed in various countries (including the USA) reported by Degenhardt (2008) indicate

China, Africa, and the Middle East report lower prevalence rates of alcohol use than other countries

Kara meets her friends every Thursday evening during which time she usually has 1-2 glasses of wine. Other than that, she drinks maybe once a month on a date. ___ would be the best description of her level of use of alcohol.

Habitual/Regular use

What was the "soldiers disease" in the Civil war?

Morphine addiction

Many of the drugs that are illegal today were used to treat a variety of medical concerns in the 1800s and early 1900s. TRUE/FALSE?

True

Into the middle of the 1800s, in the US drugs could be obtained ____.

Through the mail, at grocery stores,and without prescription

The ____________ required producers of medicine to indicate which drugs and how much of which drugs were in medicine.

Pure food and Drug act of 1996

Which of the following is (are) true about the controlled substances act (formal name and comprehensive drug abuse prevention and control act)?

1970 is the year associated with it, the schedule of drug classification originated with this legislation (schedule I through V), it established penalties for the manufacturing and distributing of drugs

The synthetic drug abuse prevention act of 2012 added schedule VI to the Schedules of controlled substances, encompassing the newly developed synthetic drugs such as bath salts. TRUE/FALSE

False

Which of the following is (are( true of the US alcohol prohibition?

It resulted in decreased drinking, death rates from cirrhosis, and alcohol-related arrests

Schedule V drugs are drugs/substances that have a high potential for abuse and that do not have any acceptable medical use for treatment in the US. TRUE/FALSE

False

Drug laws and their implementation in other countries are very similar to one another and to the drug laws and implementation in the US. TRUE/FALSE

False

The opium wars occurred because _______ attempted to control or eliminate imports of opium by ____ traders.

China, British

The fair sentencing act of 2010 ______.

was designed to reduce differences in penalties for similar amounts of crack cocaine and powder cocaine.

Archaeological evidence suggests that ____ was used as early as 6400 B.C.

alcohol

The San Francisco Ordinance involved __________.

banning opium dens

Although illicit drugs have often been used for medical purposes, it is rare that drugs developed for medicinal purposes are used for recreation. TRUE/FALSE

False

________ are specialized structures located on dendrites and cell bodies of neurons that are considered "fast" because of their activation directly influences the ion channels.

ionotropic receptors

Executive functioning occurs in the ____.

frontal lobes

The brain structure thought to be critical to the storage of memories is the ______.

hippocampus

Substance use may affect the nervous system by ______.

Affecting the breakdown f neurotransmitters and increasing or decreasing the number of receptors.

Which of the following processes are responsible for removing neurotransmitters from the synapse?

enzyme breakdown, and reuptake

The electrical activity along the axon that occurs when a neuron fires is called:

Action potential

The brain structure that controls primary drives like hunger and thirst is the _____.

Hypothalmus

The branch of the autonomic nervous system that you can activate by diaphramatic breathing is the _____

parasympathetic branch

The system that "filters" blood before it enters the brain is called the ____.

blood-brain barrier

The effects of drugs always involve naturally occurring physiological processes. TRUE/FALSE

True

Neurotransmitters are stored in sacs known as _______.

vesicles

The brains major inhibitory neurotransmitter is _______.

GABA

Which of the following is referred to as the "pleasure center" or the "reward center"?

Mesolimbic Dopaminergic Pathway

What is the name of the forebrain structure that is involved in the control and initiation of motor movement?

basal ganglia

A compound that occupies a receptor, but does not activate the neuron is known as a(n) _______.

antagonist

Classification Categories?

Origin, therapeutic use, site of drug action. mechanism action, street name, chemical structure

An example of origin?

Plant, synthetic

An example of therapeutic use?

antidepressants, pain medication

Site of drug action

where

mechanism of action

how

Stimulants?

heighten mood, increase alertness, and decrease fatigue

Examples of stimulants?

cocaine, methamphetamine, nicotine, and caffeine

Depressants?

decrease central nervous system activity

Examples of depressants?

alcohol, Xanax, other anti-anxiety medicine

Opiates/opiods?

pain relief and euphoria

Examples of opiates/opiods?

heroin, morphine, Oxycontin, percocet

Hallucinogens are also known as?

psychedelics

Hallucinogens?

alter perceptions and state of consciousness

Examples of hallucinogens?

LSD, Ketamine, and mushrooms

Interaction/combination of factor influence any one drug experience. What are the factors?

Pharmacological factors, characteristics of the user, and setting in which the drug is used

What are pharmacological factors?

How/when much you take

What would be characteristics of the user?

Women, men, age, genders

Why does the setting in which drug is used matter?

influences drug experience

NSDUH?

National survey on drug use and health

SAMHSA?

substance abuse and mental health services administration

Prevalence?

The general occurrence of an event, usually expressed in terms of percentage of some population and with respect to a time period

Examples of prevalence?

lifetime, past year, past month

Incidence?

the number of first time occurrences of an event during some time period

In 2016 how many people recorded drinking alcohol during their lifetime? (12+)

80.2

In 2016 how many people recorded drinking alcohol during the past year? (12+)

64.8

In 2016 how many people recorded drinking alcohol during the past month? (12+)

50.7

People in the US use ____?

a variety of drugs

Poly-drug use?

the same persons regular use of more than one drug is common

Alcohol is?

most frequently used

Nicotine is the 2nd highest?

prevalance

Prevalence differences associated with......

age,gender, and racial/ethnic groups

Levels of substance abuse, take into account....

amount, frequency, duration, and impact of use on individual and others, no use, experimental use, social/recreational use, habitual/regular use

DSM-5, 2103

Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 5th ED

Substance abuse?

recurrent problems associated with use

Substance dependence

more severe, addiction

substance dependence (definition)

a pattern of compulsive behaviors that are related to frequent use of psychoactive substance

4 types of criteria in DSM-5

impaired control, social impairment, risky use, pharmacological (biological effects)

problematic pattern of substance use leading to significant impairment or distress within a ____________

12 month period

Impaired control?

1) used in larger amounts or over a longer period of time than intended 2) persistent desire or unsuccessful attempt to cut down or control use 3) much more time spent obtaining, using, and recovering from the substance

Social impairment?

5) recurrent use resulting in failure to fulfill major role obligations 6) continued use despite persistent/recurrent social or obligations 7) important social, occupational, or recreational activities given up or reduced

Risky use?

8) recurrent use in physically hazardous situations 9) continued use despite adverse physical and/or psychological consequences

pharmacological?

10) tolerance- physiological response that arises with repeated use of a substance. more required to obtain same affects. less effect with same amount. 11) withdrawal- symptoms that arise when a regular user decreases intake of substance

drug rebound effect?

withdrawal symptoms are opposite of an addictive drugs action