unit 10

reams

a great amount; a large quantity of writing

ubiquitous

very common; seeming to be everywhere or in several places at the same time

steadily

gradually and in an even and regular way

fallout

the bad results of a situation or an action; dangerous radioactive dust that is in the air after a nuclear explosion

spill into

start in one area and then affect other areas

parade

a public celebration of a special day or event, usually with bands in the streets and decorated vehicles

deficit

a deficiency or lack of something; the amount by which sth, especially an amount of money, is smaller than it should be

capture

represent or describe sth very accurately using words or images

evade

avoid sth unpleasant or unwanted; manage not to do sth that should be done

trial

test sth in a formal way to discover how effective or suitable it is

parasocial relationships

one-sided relationships, as for example between celebrities and their audience or fans

bond

develop a close connection or strong relationship with sb

expose

make sth covered or hidden able to be seen; publicly show that sb or sth is bad or dishonest

exhibit

show sth publicly; show sth, esp. a quality, by your behavior

reputable

having a good reputation and able to be trusted

honourable

honest and fair, or deserving praise and respect

illustrious

well known, respected, and admired (especially for past achievements)

prestigious

very much respected and admired, usually because of being important

befriend

be friendly towards sb

sustain

cause or allow sth to continue for a period of time

patronize

speak to or behave towards sb as if they are stupid or not important

uphold

state that a decision which has already been made, especially a legal one, is correct; keep or defend a principle or law

validate

make sth officially acceptable or approved, especially after examining it; prove that sth is correct

reinforce

make an idea or belief stronger

assure

tell sb confidently that sth is true, especially so that they do not worry

cement

make sth such as an agreement or friendship stronger

scattered

dispersed; covering a wide area

on-demand

available when a customer wants or asks for sth

spare

available to use because it is extra

line up for

stand in a row while waiting to receive or do sth

plethora

a very large amount of sth, especially a larger amount than you need, want, or can deal with

usurp

take control of a position of power, especially without having the right to

foodie

a person who loves food and is very interested in different types of food

liken

say that sb/sth is similar to or has the same qualities as sb/sth else

shortage

a situation in which there is not enough of sth

foodstuff

any substance that is used as food or to make food

compulsive

doing something a lot and unable to stop doing it

affordable

not expensive

container

a jar, box, or other object used for holding something

flavouring

something that is added to food or drink to give it a particular taste

tandoori

a particular South Asian method of cooking food in a clay oven

shopkeeper

a person who owns and manages a small shop

the twilight of sth

the final part of a period

catch on

become popular or fashionable

indigenous

native to a certain area

revelation

the act of making sth known that was secret, or a fact that is made known

suspicious

making you feel that sth illegal is happening or that sth is wrong; feeling doubt or no trust in sb/sth

besotted

completely in love with sb and always thinking of them

staggering

very shocking and surprising

erroneously

in a way that is wrong or false

formula

a standard or accepted way of doing or making sth

pioneer

be one of the first people to do sth

cubed

cut into cubes

gravy

a sauce made with meat juices and flour, served with meat and vegetables

stock

a liquid used to add flavour to food, made by boiling meat or fish bones or vegetables in water

master stock

a stock which is repeatedly reused to poach or braise meats (used in Chinese cooking)

brew

add boiling water to e.g. tea or coffee to make a hot drink - it gradually develops flavour in the container in which it was made

knock up

make sth quickly and without much care

poulty

birds, such as chickens, that are bred for their eggs and meat

make for somewhere/sth

go in the direction of a place or thing

make do with

use what is available although it is not enough or what you wanted

leftover

the part that has not been used or eaten when the other parts have been

make sth good

pay for or repair sth that has been damaged

make or break

cause sb/sth to be very successful or to cause them to fail

make up for

take the place of sth lost or damaged; compensate for sth bad with sth good

on the make

trying hard to succeed, esp. in a way that is dishonest

have all the makings of

have the qualities necessary to do or achieve sth difficult

make out

see, hear, or understand sth/sb with difficulty

make like

pretend

make off with

steal

cult

liked very much by a particular group of people

above and beyond sth

more than a particular amount or level

obscene

offensive, rude, or shocking, usually because of being too obviously related to sex or showing sex

attain

reach or succeed in getting sth

perseverance

continued effort and determination

grotesquely

in a way that looks strange and unpleasant

for the sake of sb/sth

in order to help or bring advantage to sb/sth

aspiration

something that you hope to achieve

admirable

deserving respect or approval

high on the agenda

prioritized as the most important thing to discuss or address

self-serving

working or acting for your own advantage

hot on sb's heels

following sb closely because you want to catch them

fast-track

using a quicker than normal route to a higher position or level

bemoan

complain or express sadness about sth

aspire

want sth very much; hope to achieve sth or be successful

hand on a plate

give or relinquish sth to one very easily, without them having to work very hard to get or achieve it

purport

pretend to be or to do sth, especially in a way that is not easy to believe

perception

a belief or opinion, often held by many people and based on how things seem

prevalent

existing very commonly or happening often

put sth down to sth

think that a problem or situation is caused by a particular thing

underlying

real but not immediately obvious

inherently

in a way that exists as a natural or basic part of sth

gross

unacceptable because clearly wrong

in a similar vein

continuing with sth similar to what came before; in a similar way

propel

cause sth to move forward

effortlessly

without hard work; with little effort

set oneself up for sth

set the scene for sth to happen to sb

contemplate

spend time considering a possible future action; consider one particular thing for a long time in a serious and quiet way

reality check

an occasion that causes you to consider the facts about a situation and not your opinions, ideas, or beliefs

exaggeration

the fact of making sth seem larger, more important, better, or worse than it really is