Computer Science 102: Fundamentals of Information Technology Ch 8. Software Development & Project Management

System Development

• the process of defining, designing, testing, and implementing a software application

• also referred to as a software development, software engineering or application development

Phase One

• A feasibility study is used to determine whether a project should go ahead

• This will include an initial project plan and budget estimates for future stages of the project

Phase Two

• Analysis identifies the requirements for the system

• This includes a detailed analysis of the particular problem being addressed or the expectations of a particular system

Phase Three

The design phase includes determining what programs are needed and how they are going to interact, how each individual program is going to work, what the software interface is going to look like and what data will be required

Phase Four

• In the implementation stage, the design is translated into code

• This requires selecting the most appropriate programming language and writing the actual code needed to make the design work

Phase Five

• Testing and debugging involves testing individual modules of the system as well as the system as a whole

• This includes making sure the system actually does what is expected and that it runs on intended platforms

Phase Six

• Installation includes implementing the system so that it becomes part of the workflows of the organization

• A certain amount of training may be necessary to make sure employees get comfortable with using the system

Phase Seven

• All systems require some form of maintenance

• This may consist of minor updates to the system or more drastic changes due to unexpected circumstances

Which is not a phase of the system development project?

1. Software Design

2. Installation

3. Software Coding

4. Software Documentation

5. Requirements Analysis

Software Documentation

What does SDK stand for?

1. Systematic Development Knowledge

2. Software Demonstration Kit

3. System Development Knowledge

4. Software Development Kit

5. Software Demonstration Knowledge

Software Development Kit

__________ describes what a computer program does and is written in English so it is easily understood. It is not an actual programming language, but it is part of the system design phase to prepare for actual coding.

1. Pseudo-code

2. An outline

3. A flowchart

4. A software development kit

5. A CASE tool

Pseudo-code

What does UML stand for?

1. Unified Modeling Language

2. Universal Model Language

3. Universal Model Lingo

4. Universal Modeling Language

5. Unified Model Language

Unified Modeling Language

Which of the following is not a specific tool to assist with system development?

1. Pseudo-code

2. CASE tools

3. E-mail

4. Flowcharting

5. SDKs

E-mail

System Development

process of defining, designing, testing, and implementing a software application

Waterfall Model

• linear-sequence life-cycle model

• progress is seen as flowing downwards through various phases

Iterative and Incremental model

starts with an initial planning phase and ends with deployment, with cyclic interactions taking place in between

Software Prototyping Model

creating and testing prototypes of software applications

Spiral Model

combines elements of the waterfall and prototyping models

agile

is a reduced development cycle

Rapid Application Development (RAD)

uses an iterative process and relies heavily on the use of protypes

Which software development approach prebuilds components to quickly facilitate design?

1. Redundant Array of Disks

2. Rapid Application Design

3. Redundant Array Development

4. Rigorous Application Development

5. Rapid Application Development

Rapid Application Development

Which of the following is NOT a use for prototyping?

1. To demonstrate the technical potential of a proposed system

2. To identify requirements

3. To demonstrate the full functionality and limits of a proposed system

4. To persuade others that a particular system is worth developing

To demonstrate the full functionality and limits of a proposed system

The _____ development process demonstrates the relationship between each early phase of development and the associated testing phase.

1. V-model

2. waterfall

3. prototyping

4. iterative and incremental

5. spiral

V-model

Which of the following software development processes is best for large and complicated projects?

1. Iterative and incremental

2. V-model

3. Prototyping

4. Waterfall

5. Spiral

Spiral

Which of the following software development processes follows a linear sequence from initiation and conception to maintenance?

1. Spiral

2. V-model

3. Waterfall

4. Prototyping

5. Iterative and incremental

Waterfall

software development life cycle (or SDLC)

a methodology that defines the steps of a software development project

requirement gathering and analysis

when senior leadership begins planning the project

software design

business architects use the requirements gathered from the first stage to produce several designs of the product

coding and implementing

the design documents from the second phase are used to implement the design and produce the code

testing

code is tested based on the customer’s requirements to ensure the code works according to specifications

deployment

the product is delivered to the customer

maintenance/ post-deployment

maintenance of the software is conducted at that time

waterfall method

a process that follows a step-by-step approach where each step in the SDLC must be complete before the next step can begin

iterative method

• a faster approach in which development begins by implementing part of the software

• the implementation process is repeated, and new software is developed during each phase of the process

spiral model

• includes the development of a prototype and use of the waterfall method

• used for more complex and more expensive projects

What is requirements gathering?

1. The process of designing the code

2. The process of implementing the code

3. The process of gathering specifications from the client to determine requirements for the project

4. The process of designing the software

The process of gathering specifications from the client to determine requirements for the project

Which stage is the longest part of the SDLC process?

1. Testing

2. Design

3. Coding and implementation

4. Requirements gathering

Coding and implementation

What happens during the design stage?

1. The code is deployed.

2. The customer tests the product in stores.

3. The codes are tested.

4. The software/product is designed based on the customer requirements.

The software/product is designed based on the customer requirements.

What are the stages of the SDLC?

1. Requirements gathering, design, coding, testing, deployment, and maintenance

2. Design, resource allocation, and coding

3. Testing, maintenance, coding, deployment, and budgeting

4. Requirements gathering, development, deployment, and testing

Requirements gathering, design, coding, testing, deployment, and maintenance

What is the software development life cycle?

1. A methodology that defines the steps of a software development project

2. A process to define the budget of a project

3. Resource allocations for each project

4. The process of defining requirements

A methodology that defines the steps of a software development project

Agile

an approach to projects that focuses on collaboration and responsiveness to change

user stories

written from the perspective of and provide desired functionality for a specific user

Agile Manifesto

written in 2001 by a group of software developers who called themselves the Agile Alliance

Agile values

• individuals and interactions over processes and tools

• working software over comprehensive documentation

• customer collaboration over contract negotiation

• responding to change over following plan

Scrum

an approach that completes user stories in repeated cycles that are typically two-to-four weeks long and known as sprints

Scrum Master

focused on facilitating interactions between the Product Owner and team, as well as managing the Scrum process

Kanban

does not have distinct starting points and endpoints

work in progress (WIP) limits

set a constraint at each stage of progress so that only a certain number of user stories are being worked on at once

Extreme Programming (XP)

uses intervals like Scrum, and places a high priority on the customer working directly with the development team to establish and prioritize user stories

Which of the following correctly describes the process of one of the methodologies under Agile?

1. Kanban completes work in a continuous flow using WIP limits.

2. Extreme Programming completes work in repeated sprints of one-to-two weeks.

3. Scrum completes work in repeated sprints of two-to-four weeks.

4. All of the answers are correct.

All of the answers are correct.

How is Agile incremental and iterative?

1. Agile is incremental by breaking project work down into user stories and iterative by using repeated cycles.

2. Agile is both incremental and iterative by breaking project work down into user stories.

3. Agile is both incremental and iterative by using repeated cycles.

4. Agile is incremental by using repeated cycles and iterative by breaking project work down into user stories.

Agile is incremental by breaking project work down into user stories and iterative by using repeated cycles.

Which of the following is NOT true of the Agile Manifesto?

1. The statements reflect an emphasis on people.

2. It values things like processes, tools, and documentation over people and quality of the product.

3. It recognizes constraints and that there are limitations.

4. The statements reflect an emphasis on the quality of what is produced by the project.

It values things like processes, tools, and documentation over people and quality of the product.

Which of the following is NOT true of Agile?

1. Agile is an alternative to traditional project methodologies.

2. Agile focuses on being responsive to change.

3. Agile focuses on collaboration.

4. Agile is a project methodology.

Agile is a project methodology.

Which of the following is NOT a common methodology under Agile?

1. Kanban

2. Scrum

3. XP

4. Waterfall

Waterfall

Select a true statement from the following:

1. Both SDLC and Agile follow an adaptive approach.

2. SDLC follows a predictive approach, Agile follows an adaptive approach.

3. SDLC follows an adaptive approach, Agile follows a predictive approach.

4. Both SDLC and Agile follow a predictive approach.

SDLC follows a predictive approach, Agile follows an adaptive approach.

How are the stages of SDLC implemented?

1. Randomly, with overlapping

2. Randomly, without overlapping

3. Sequentially, with overlapping

4. Sequentially, without overlapping

Sequentially, without overlapping

Which SDLC stage has to be completed before the Requirements definition stage can commence?

1. Design

2. Development

3. Testing

4. Analysis and planning

Analysis and planning

Which projects is SDLC best suited for?

1. Small IT projects

2. Large IT projects

3. Any size IT projects

4. Any size organizational projects

Large IT projects

Which of the following is a software development model, based on SDLC concept?

1. Extreme Programming

2. Rational Unified Process (RUP)

3. Waterfall

4. Scrum

Waterfall

waterfall

a sequential approach to completing each of these phases of development before moving on to the next

iterative approach

smaller chunks of functionality, simpler code, and frequent testing

scum

incremental, iterative development phases known as sprints

Extreme Programing (XP)

iterative development and feedback and continuous testing

Dynamic Systems Development Method

emphasis active user involvement and collaboration

Kanban

to avoid spreading focus and resources too thin

Crystal

collaborative teamwork and constant communication

An important element of any agile method is _____.

1. user training

2. frequent testing

3. all-night coding sessions

4. the choice of coding language

frequent testing

Which of the following is NOT a popular agile method?

1. Scrum

2. XP

3. Waterfall

4. Crystal

Waterfall

Agile development emphasizes _____.

1. communication

2. thorough documentation

3. sophisticated and complex coding

4. pre-deployment user training

communication

Agile development is considered to be more efficient than the traditional development approach because _____.

1. the traditional approach cannot be used for software development projects

2. the agile approach requires a smaller development team

3. the agile approach allows for user involvement throughout development

4. the traditional approach skips requirements gathering

the agile approach allows for user involvement throughout development

Which of the following is NOT a Scrum role?

1. Scrum Master

2. Sprint Scheduler

3. Product Owner

4. Team

Sprint Scheduler

mobile application

a software program that is designed to run on mobile handheld computing devices, such as tablets and smartphones

native

a mobile application that runs only on the specific hardware for which it is designed

Web-based

a mobile application that makes use of the Internet’s connectivity to provide some or all of its functionality

hybrid

a combination of native and Web-based apps

mobile application management (MAM)

a means to administer the delivery of applications used in the business environment

The acronym MAM stands for?

1. Miscellaneous Article Management

2. Multiple Article Monitoring

3. Mobile Application Management

4. Mobile Application Monitoring

Mobile Application Management

Mobile application development is unique because of?

1. Software restrictions

2. Hardware restrictions

3. Development environments

4. Delivery restrictions

Hardware restrictions

Which of the following is an example of a mobile application?

1. Mail

2. Flipboard

3. All of the answers are correct.

4. The Weather Network

All of the answers are correct.

Which of the following is NOT a mobile application category?

1. Web-based

2. Native

3. Android

4. Hybrid

Android

Which of the following is a characteristic of mobile applications?

1. All of the answers are correct.

2. Run on handheld devices

3. Are specific to particular hardware

4. Are available in large numbers

All of the answers are correct.

projects

one-time events that have a specific start and end date

project management

a company applies its human and financial resources to plan and execute a specific task

Gantt chart

shows the workplace of a project

How many stages of project management are there?

1. 3

2. 5

3. 4

4. 7

5

In which stage are Gantt charts first used?

1. Planning

2. Closing

3. Monitoring and controlling

4. Initiation

Planning

In terms of project management, a project is a _____ event.

1. monthly

2. bi-weekly

3. one-time

4. annual

one-time

Who developed PERT?

1. Henry Gantt

2. Navy

3. Marines

4. Air Force

Navy

Which is NOT a stage of project management?

1. Execution

2. Initiation

3. Participation

4. Close

Participation

project

a task that has defined parameters

project management

the use of skills, techniques, tools and/or knowledge in order to get a project from start to finish

Which one is NOT true about project management?

1. It helps prevent a project from failing.

2. It utilizes employees efficiently.

3. It helps meet project goals.

4. It causes confusion.

It causes confusion.

The act of using skills, tools and other resources to get a project from start to finish is called:

1. Project management

2. A project

3. Project resolution

4. A conflict

Project management

Which of the following is true about project management?

1. The goals are changed frequently.

2. It leaves employees confused.

3. It helps reduce costs.

4. It doesn't assign a project manager.

It helps reduce costs.

A task that has defined parameters in business is known as what?

1. A problem

2. A project

3. A technique

4. A solution

A project

Project management:

1. Assigns someone to watch over the project

2. All of the answers are correct

3. Helps simplify tasks and resolve problems

4. Ensures your company has the appropriate number of employees working on a project

All of the answers are correct

project management

the process of complementing a project from start to finish

project manager

the individual assigned to oversee the process

project management

list of steps that project managers go through so that the project can be completed successfully

tools

the resources the project manager can use to aid them in the process