Federalism Notes

FEDERALISM

Definition - The way of organizing a nation so that two or

more levels of government have formal authority

over the land and its people.

Why is it Important?

  • Decentralizes politics
  • More opportunities to participate
  • Allows states to take care of things first

Constitutional Basis:

  • Division of power: Constitution,

Congress, Treaties, State Constitutions,

State Laws

  • 10th Amendment: powers not delegated

to the government by Constitution are

reserved to the states

Basis of Federalism:

  • State obligations to one another
  • Full faith and credit clause
  • Extradition
  • Privileges and immunities clause

ESTABLISHING NATIONAL SUPREMACY

McCulloch v Maryland - Wanted to tax banks

  • Court ruled that state governments cannot tax federal institutions

Brown v Board of Education - Struggle for race equality in education

  • Court ruled that not

having race equality

was unconstitutional

INTERGOVERNMENTAL RELATIONS TODAY

Dual Federalism - The state and national governments remain

supreme. Both are responsible for some policies.

Cooperative Federalism - Political powers and policy

assignments are shared between

the state and national governments.

  • Shared costs and administrations
  • States follow federal guidelines

Fiscal Federalism - The pattern of spending, taxing, and

giving grants, mainly by the national

government. This is the cornerstone of the

national government’s relations with the

country and world.

Grant System

  • Project Grants: Based on merits
  • Formula Grants: Based on formulas

set by Congress; the amount varies

  • Block Grants: Given automatically

to support broad programs

  • $300 billion in grants yearly
  • Universalism: Something for everyone
  • Grants are given to states and

local governments

Mandates

  • “Strings attached”
  • Unfunded Mandates: required with

no money given

  • Example: NCLB
ADVANTAGESDISADVANTAGES
Increasing access to governmentStates have different levels of service
Local problems only solved locallyLocal interest counteracts national
Hard for political parties/interest groups to dominate ALL politicsToo many levels of government; too much money