The Industrial Revolution

dear God ...

Laissez Faire

Economic policy of setting work conditions without interference by the government

* French economic philosophers thought this would allow economy to prosper

Capitalism

Economic system where money is invested in business ventures for profit

Unionism

The union spoke for worker rights

Urbanization

moving people to cities

What would an entrepreneur build their factory near?

An energy source, usually water

What did newer cities lack?

Sanitary codes & building codes

\- this led to widespread sickness

What shortened the lifespan of coal workers?

Frequent accidents, damp conditions & coal dust

Who made up the middle class?

wealthy skilled workers, professional business people, farmers

Who were Luddites

Protesters who smashed machines and attacked factories

\- named after Ned Ludd, a (mythical) English worker

3 positive aspects of the industrial revolution

1. Created jobs
2. National wealth
3. Better standard of living

What did workers gradually win

1. better diets
2. Housing
3. Cheaper clothes

What were the negative aspects of the industrial revolution

1. Fewer jobs in rural areas
2. No sanitary/building codes
3. Long hours & dangerous conditions
4. Further class division

What was the industrial revolution

increased output of machine made goods

Where & when did the industrial revolution begin

18th century England

What was the enclosure movement?

Spread of farm fields enclosed in fences & hedges

* landowners experimented & discovered more produce
* Small farmers had to become tenant farmers of move to cities

Who created the seed drill?

Jethro Tull

What was the seed drill

Allowed farmers to plant more methodically

What increased the average weight of lambs

Farmers only allowed the best sheep to breed

What made England the home to the industrial revolution?

1. Natural resources
2. Good economy
3. Highly developed banking system
4. Political stability
5. Entrepreneurship + farmers in need of work

What increased the work a weaver could do in a day?

The Flying Shuttle

Who developed the steam engine

James Watt

Who created the steam boat

Robert Fulton

Who created the first railroad line

George Stephenson

What was the name of the first train and how fast did it go?

The Rocket- 24 mph

How did railroads revolutionize British life

* Cheap transport → industrial growth
* Railroad workers & miners → new jobs
* Agriculture and fishing transport
* Work travel made easier

How long did children work at factories

14-16+ hours, 7 days a week

What part of the children was often crushed in the machines

fingers

Which invention encouraged colonization

The maxim gun- the first continuous firing gun

The density of modern African cities led to an explosion of _____

Malaria

The Cape of Good Hope had the same ______ as Europe

latitude & climate

Dec. 16

The Battle of Blood River decimated the Zulu

What advantage did Africans have over Europeans

Immunity to illnesses unique to the tropics

Berlin Conference of 1884-85

14 European nations met to lay down rules of the division of Africa

1914- the only two free African countries

Liberia & Ethiopia

What were the major cash crops in Africa

* Peanuts
* Palm oil
* Cocoa
* Rubber

Which groups clashed over South Africa

Africans, British, and the Dutch

Who won the Boer war

The British won over the Boers for land & resources in Africa

What motivated Imperialism

* Racism
* Economics
* Politics
* Religion

Paternalism

The concept that you are talking care of people who can’t take care of themselves

Social Darwinism

The idea that some races are superior and should naturally succeed and “inferior“ races should die out (eugenics)

King Leopold

King of Belgium who cut off the hands of Africans who couldn’t produce enough rubber

Which British company took control of India

The East India Company

How did the East India Company take over India

* The East India Company gained control as the Mughal Empire collapsed
* They ruled with little interference from the British Gov.

Sepoy

An Indian soldier

Why was the Indian handloom textile industry almost put out of business?

Their goods were too expensive compared to machine-made British products and therefor weren’t purchased

Why did Sepoys revolt

They thought the new rifles were greased with beef & pork fat which they would have to bite, which went against Hindu & Muslim religion

Nationalism

A love for your country

Ram Mohun Roy

A modern-thinking, well-educated Indian who wanted India to move away from traditional ideas/practices

What was a major problem with water-powered factories?

Water was an unpredictable & unsustainable source, prone to flood and drought

How did James Watt’s steam engine work?

* Coal Fire heats up Water
* Steam leaves through a vent
* Causes piston action
* Pistons make things move

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What new needs arose in Europe for the industrial revolution

* Coal- to heat water
* Iron- to build machines

effects of rapid urbanization

* cities growing faster than facilities
* horrible work conditions

What made up the horrible work conditions

* Unsafe factories
* no worker protection (injuries w/ out compensation)
* No minimum wage
* Large profits not shared by workers

What was a result of cities growing faster than facilities

* Pollution, no sewers, overcrowding, no police/fire dep.
* Housing shortage
* Gov. not able to serve growing needs

Imperialism

When one country takes control of another country

Interventionism

When one country intervenes in the affairs of another country

Isolationism

When a country isolates itself from the rest of the world

What did David Livingston look for in his travels?

He wanted to promote Christianity

What did Europeans feel was their “right and duty“?

To acquire territory and “produce“ more of the anglo-saxon race

Cecil Rhodes

Felt that the anglo-saxon race was the greatest race on earth

What was the goal of massionaries?

“civilize“ and “westernize“ people by introducing christianity

What technologies did Europe have?

* Steam Trains
* Railroads
* Steam boats
* The Maxim Gun

What internal factors allowed Europeans to “sweep through Africa”?

Africa was divided into groups that fought with each other

Amritsar massacre

Apr. 13, 1919

* brigadier general R. E. H. Dyer blocked off the only exit to the Jallianwala Bagh and fired until their ammunition was exhausted
* Estimates of casualties range from 379 to 1,500+ deaths and 1,200 other injuries