Chapter 10.3 Digestive Disorders

A sore in the stomach/duodenum lining * ==Cause==: a weakened mucus layer (used for acidic protection)– the tissue is then exposed to gastric gases * @@Symptoms@@: abdominal pain, bloating, nausea, loss of appetite * $Treatment$ : antibiotics, meds to reduce acidity, no alcohol or smoking

Chronic (meaning long-lasting) inflammation in the intestines * ==Cause==: No known cause, possibly a defective immune system * $Treatment$ : A special diet and prescribed medication
Crohn’s disease: Anywhere in the alimentary canal * @@Symptoms@@: Thinner bone/muscle development
Ulcerative Colitis: IBD in the large intestine * @@Symptoms@@: Bloody stools, cramps, abdominal pain

Stool moves too slowly through the digestive tract, slow bowel movements of 2-3 per week, small/dry stools * ==Cause==: Not enough water, weak nerve/muscle movement, not enough fibre, lack of exercise

\ Hepatitis A, B, and C

Liver inflammation * ==Cause==: Caused by a viral infection
Types: * %%Hepatitis A%%: Caused through contaminated water * %%Hepatitis B%%: Caused through sexual contact (needs vaccine protection) * %%Hepatitis C%%: Caused through blood contact

Chronic illness, scar tissue starts to replace healthy tissue * ==Cause==: Alcoholism, Hepatitis C * May result in liver failure

Cholesterol begins to form crystals in the gallbladder, soon growing into small/solid masses * $Treatment$ : Ultrasound shock waves, medication, removal of gallbladder

Chronic illness, cells can’t make glucose * ==Cause==: lack of insulin in the bloodstream
Types: * %%Type 1 Diabetes%%: An auto-immune disease, the pancreas stops producing an adequate amount of insulin (child–young adult) * %%Type 2 Diabetes%%: Caused by a lack of exercise, sometimes obesity (adult–) * %%Gestational Diabetes%%: Pancreas unable to produce enough insulin during pregnancy
Possibly 5 Types, according to a Swedish Study in 2018 * Cluster 1: Severe autoimmune diabetes (also known as Type 1) * Cluster 2: Severe insulin-deficiency * Cluster 3: Severe insulin resistant * Cluster 4: Mild-obesity related * Cluster 5: Mild-age related
Treatment: * Daily insulin injections/insulin sprays, expensive * %%Trijardy%%: 3 medications prescribed for Type 2 * Metformin, Empagliflozin, and Linagliptin * %%Rybelsus%%: Hormonal injection of glucagon (similar hormone to peptide), it stops the liver from producing an excess amount of sugar and helps the pancreas to make more insulin * However, it risks creating thyroid tumours

A procedure in which an instrument is introduced into the body to give a view of its internal parts.

A camera and light are attached to a tube that’s slowly sent down the alimentary canal
The process can confirm medical problems, observe illness difficult to see through a x-ray, and allows for doctors to visually see the inner lining