Enzymes

Enzyme

A type of protein that acts as a biological catalyst to speed up reactions

Why do we produce enzymes?

They reduce the need for high temperatures and we only have enzymes to speed up the USEFUL chemical reactions

What is the lock and key model?

The active site of the enzyme changes shape a little as the substrate binds to it to get a tighter fit: induced fit model of enzyme action.

What causes enzymes to denature (the enzymes active site changes shape, so the substrate won't fit)?

Heat, pH - they need to optimum temperature or optimum pH

Equation for rate of reaction

Rate of reaction = Amount of reactant used or amount of product formed / Time

What molecules do digestive enzymes break down?

Starch, proteins, fats

Where is amylase made?

Salivary glands, pancreas, small intestine

What is amylase (starch) broken down into?

Glucose, maltose

Where are proteases made?

Stomach, pancreas, small intestine

What is protease (proteins) broken down into?

Amino acids

Where are lipases made?

Pancreas and small intestine

What is lipase (lipids) broken down into?

Glycerol and fatty acids