Chapter 5 Proteins CHEM 136

Amino acids

______ are the building blocks that form proteins.

Amino group, carboxyl group, side chain, hydrogen

What are parts of an amino acid?

Zwitterions

Amino acids exist as _____.

Zwitterions, positive, negative

These molecules are overall neutral but contain distinct _____ and _____ ion ends.

Nonpolar, polar, acidic, basic

The four classes of amino acids are ____, ____, ____, and _____.

Nonpolar

_____ acids contain either just hydrogen or carbon chains in their R groups.

Polar

_____ amino acids contain alcohols, thiols, and amides in their R groups.

Acidic

_____ amino acids contain a carboxylic acid in their R groups,

Basic

______ amino acids contain an amine in their R groups.

Hydrogen, carbon

Nonpolar amino acids contain either just ______ or ______ chains.

alcohols, thiols, amides

Polar amino acids contain ______, ______, and ______.

Carboxylic acid

Acidic amino acids contain a _______ ______.

Amine

Basic amino acids contain an ______.

Tripeptide

A ______ is formed from the linking of 3 amino acids.

N

The ____ terminus is the side that ends with the amine.

C

The ____ terminus is the side that ends with the carboxylic acid.

4

How many levels are in the protein structure?

3D

The levels of protein structure describe the buildup to the _______ shape that proteins possess.

Order

The _____ that amino acids are in determine the protein.

Sequences, structures

Different _____ will results in different ______ which effect function.

Alpha helix, beta sheets

_____ _____ and _____ ____ are secondary structures.

Secondary structures

_______ are common in many different proteins and organisms.

Tertiary structures

______ _______ are interactions between R groups of the amino acids.

Amino acids, close

Tertiary structures can happen between _____ _____ that are not even ______ together in primary.

Hydrophobic

_________ interactions occur between nonpolar R groups.

Hydrophilic

_________ interactions occur between polar R groups and water.

Hydrophilic

Hydrogen bonding is a special kind of ______ interaction.

NH3, carboxylic acid

A salt Bridge-ionic interaction between charged R groups has a positive _____ and a negative _____.

Disulfide

________ is an oxidation of two thiols in R groups.

Two thiols

What is a disulfide made of?

No

Do all proteins have quaternary structures?

Quaternary

_______ structures are interactions between two or more tertiary structures to form the biologically active protein..

Catalysts

Enzymes are biological ______.

enzymes, life, fast

Without _____ the chemical reactions needed to sustain ____ would not occur at a _____ enough rate.

high degree of specificity

Enzymes are effective without extreme conditions because of their _______.

lock, key

Enzymes are sometimes described as a _____ and ____ model.

Substrate

reactant of an enzyme reaction

Active site

The part of an enzyme where the reaction occurs

Disulfide linkage

What is being shown in the image?

Hydrogen bond

What is being shown in the image?

Hydrophobic interactions

What is being shown in the image?

Ionic bond

What is being shown in the image?

Polypeptide backbone

What is being shown in the image?