Health Mid-Term

thyroid gland

controls metabolism Hormone: Thyroxin

hypothalamus

main control center for system, releases hormones to pituitary glands, controls blood pressure, body temp, body use of water

adrenaline

hormone of adrenal glands response to stress "fight or flight" increase heart rate, breathing, blood pressure

menopause

period stops after a certain age

ovulation

ovaries release ripened egg every month

fallopian tubes

passage that carry eggs away from ovaries, fertilization occurs

pituitary glands

controls body growth, sexual development, and reproduction "master gland"

testosterone

hormone made by testes

mammogram

x-ray of breast to screen for breast cancer

thymus

development of immune system in children

uterus

hollow muscular pear shaped organ fertilized egg grows and develops

menstruation

egg not fertilized, hormone levels drop and endometrium shed from body

ovaries

reproductive gland of female, produces egg ova

hormone: estrogen and progesterone

endometriosis

condition where endometrium grows somewhere other than the uterus

toxic shock syndrome

bacterial infection in bloodstream

pre-menstrual syndrome

change in hormone levels

cervix

base/bottom of uterus

testes

reproductive gland of male

endometrium

inside lining of uterus

vagina

passage from uterus to outside of body

implantation

blastocyst implanting itself to uterus

umbilical cord

lifeline between embryo and placenta, no filter; carries nutrients from placenta to embryo, carries waste from embryo to placenta

stillbirth

fetus dead after 20 week of pregnancy

c section

surgical method of birth fetus out of position of vaginal birth

ultrasound

sound waves to make a picture of developing fetus

prenatal care

checkups and test that keep baby healthy while pregnant

amniotic sac

thin tissue that surrounds the embryo

amniotic fluid

amniotic sac filled with shock absorber keeps temp constant

identical twins

develop from same egg that divides into 2 zygotes

infertile

inability to reproduce blocked fallopian tubes, endometriosis

fetal alcohol syndrome

alcohol related birth defects

placenta

blood rich tissue that attaches the placenta to wall of uterus

miscarriage

fetus dead before 20 week of pregnancy

ectopic pregnancy

zygote implants in fallopian tubes instead of uterus

labor

wall of uterus begins contractions

APGAR score

test of baby to see if it healthy after birth

prolactin

hormone causes breasts to produce milk

fraternal twins

2 eggs are fertilized by two different sperm

nutrients

body needs to regulate bodily functions, promote growth, repair tissues, energy

nutrient density

ratio of nutrients to calories

saturated fat

solid at room temp, too much can lead to heart disease

minerals

nutrients that occur in rocks and soil

metabolism

chemical reactions in body, provide energy help cells grow and reproduce

fats

glycogen storage is full, excess carbohydrates stored as fat 9 cal per gram

unsaturated fats

liquid at room temp

anemia

low iron levels not enough hemoglobin

carbohydrates

supplies energy for body 4 cal per gram

cholesterol

waxy fatlike substance found only in animal products

protein

serves as energy source 4 cal per gram

dehydration

reduction in bodys water

fiber

complex carb found in plants - indegestible

trans fat

manufacturers add hydrogen to fat molecules in vegetable oils

vitamins

nutrients made by living things, required in small amounts

calorie

amount of energy released when nutrients are broken down

basil metabolic rate

rate which your body is at rest

food intolerance

inability to digest particular food/food additives

vegetarian

does not eat meat - includes dairy and eggs

body composition

measure of how much body fat you have compared to muscle and bone

body mass index

ratio of weight to height

overweight

description of person whos heavier than the standard person height

obesity

refers specifically to adults who have a higher BMI of 30/higher

vegan

eat food from no animal source

fad diet

popular diet that may help person lose/gain weight w/out proper regard for nutrition

underweight

description of person whos lighter than standard person weight

depressant

drug that slows brain and body reactions

intoxication

state which a person mental and physical abilites are impaired by alc

tolerance

causes a drinkers body to need increasingly larger amounts of alc to achieve og effect

binge drinking

consumption of alc at one sitting

blood alcohol concentration

amt of alc in a persons blood expressed as a percentage

cirrhosis

condition where liver is damaged and scarred tissue

addiction

no longer has control over drinking

driving while intoxicated

driver over 21 caught driving w BAC over 0.08

overdose/ alc poisioning

excessive amt of drug that leads to coma or death

alcoholism

people who can no longer control their use of alc

blackout

period of time when that person cannot remember or control

anorexia

refusal to maintain normal weight, fear of gaining weight, severe disturbance of body image

bulimia

binging and purging - normal weight

binge eating

food cravings any time of day - eating when not hungry - overweight