Joints Quiz

fibrous joint

a fixed, or immovable, joint that connects bones made mostly of collagen

cartilaginous joint

a joint w/ some motion & hyaline cartilage; in space between articulating bones

synovial joint (most common)

a moveable joint w/ synovial fluid in space around it to reduce friction

3 distinguishing features of synovial joint:

articular cartilage, synovial membrane, synovial fluid in cavity

pivot joint (ex. atlantoaxial joint)

found within joint cavity, rotates along long axis

hinge joint (ex. ankle, knee, elbow)

between rounded shape of one bone and trough shape of another, articulates like hinge (flexor & extensor)

saddle joint (ex. thumb, shoulder, ear)

between two saddle shaped bones, range of motion on 2 difference axes

plane joint (ex. intercarpal & intertarsals)

between flat surface of 2 or more bones, known as gliding joint because the bones glide against each other

condyloid (ellipsoid) joint (ex. wrist joints)

between rounded oval surface of one bone & shallow oval depression of another, wide range of motion

ball & socket (spheroidal) joint (ex. hips and shoulders)

spherical head of bone interacts with socket shape of another, articulates along multiple axial planes

hyperextension

bending abnormally

extension

extending or increasing angle, extensor

flexion

bending inward, decreasing angle of joint

elevation (ex. mandible closing mouth)

upward movement

depression (ex. mandible opening mouth)

downward movement

dorsiflexion (of foot)

toes move up toward leg

plantar flexion (of foot)

toes point toward floor

abduction

moves limb laterally away

adduction

moves limb internally towards

circumduction

moving circularly around stationary end

rotation

twisting movement

external rotation

rotate/twist away from body

internal rotation

rotate/twist towards body

pronation (of lower arm)

radius and ulna form x-shape

supination (of lower arm)

radius and ulna are parallel

ROM

range of motion

gonimeter

an instrument for measuring the angle of a joint

ACL

anterior cruciate ligament

PCL

posterior cruciate ligament

MCL

medial collateral ligament

LCL

lateral collateral ligament

What tests for MCL injury?

valgus stress test

What tests for LCL injury?

varus stress test

What tests for ACL injury?

anterior drawer test

What tests for PCL injury?

posterior drawer test