Anatomy II: Ch 15 Autonomic nervous System

Which of the following works constantly with the somatic nervous system to regulate body organs and maintain normal internal functions?

-spinal reflex arc

-autonomic nervous system

-cranial nervous system

-autonomic nervous system

[Select all that apply]

Which regions of the central nervous system play a role in regulating the autonomic nervous system?

-epithalamus

-hypothalamus

-cerebellum

-brainstem

-spinal cord

-hypothalamus

-brainstem

-spinal cord

The subdivisions of the autonomic nervous system are the ____ division and sympathetic division.

parasympathetic

Which division of the autonomic nervous system is also known as the thoracolumbar division?

-somatic division

-sympathetic division

-parasympathetic division

-sympathetic division

[Select all that apply]

The preganglionic neurons of the parasympathetic division originate in the ______.

-lateral gray matter of S2-S4

-lateral horns of T1-L2

-brainstem

-lateral gray matter of S2-S4

-brainstem

Somatic and autonomic are divisions of the ______ nervous system.

-peripheral

-sensory

-motor

-central

-motor

The region of the central nervous system that influences autonomic function

A => cerebrum

B => hypothalamus

C => brainstem

D => spinal cord

===

During times of relaxation, the _____ division of the autonomic nervous system utilizes discrete and localized innervation, stimulating only one or a few structures at the same time.

parasympathetic

Which division of the autonomic nervous system maintains homeostasis when we are at rest?

-parasympathetic

-sensory

-somatic

-sympathetic

-parasympathetic

Notes:

Sensory and Somatic are not a division of ANS

The location of preganglionic neurons in the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system allows it to be also known as the ______ division.

-sympathetic

-craniosacral

-craniosacral

The division of the autonomic nervous system that is anatomically known as the thoracolumbar division is the ____ division.

sympathetic

[Select all that apply]

Which cranial nerves are associated with the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system?

-olfactory (CN I)

-vagus (CN X)

-hypoglossal (CN XII)

-oculomotor (CN III)

-facial (CN VII)

-vagus (CN X)

-oculomotor (CN III)

-facial (CN VII)

Where do the preganglionic neurons of the sympathetic division originate in the CNS?

-brainstem

-lateral horns of S2-S4

-lateral horns of T1-L2

-lateral horns of T1-L2

The subdivisions of the motor nervous system are the ____ nervous system and the ____ nervous system.

-somatic

-autonomic

Parasympathetic innervation of which muscles results in lens accommodation?

-levator palpebrae superioris muscle

-pupillary constrictor muscle

-inferior rectus muscle

-ciliary muscle

-ciliary muscle

Which division of the autonomic nervous system exhibits a mass activation response during stressful situations, stimulating all innervated components at once?

-parasympathetic division

-sympathetic division

-somatic division

-sympathetic division

Parasympathetic innervation from the postganglionic axons of the pterygopalatine ganglion causes the lacrimal glands and small glands of the nasal cavity, oral cavity, and palate to ______.

-decrease secretion

-increase secretion

-increase secretion

The ______ division of the autonomic nervous system is also called the craniosacral division because of the location of its preganglionic neurons.

-sympathetic

-parasympathetic

-parasympathetic

Note:

The sympathetic division is called the thoracolumbar division.

Postganglionic axons from which autonomic ganglion supply the submandibular and sublingual salivary glands in the floor of the mouth?

-ciliary ganglion

-otic ganglion

-pterygopalatine ganglion

-submandibular ganglion

-submandibular ganglion

The cranial nerve to its proper location on the figure of parasympathetic pathways.

A => oculomotor

B => facial

C => glossopharyngeal

D => vagus

====

Which cranial nerve supplies parasympathetic innervation to the thoracic organs, most abdominal organs, and the gonads?

-trigeminal (CN V)

-accessory (CN XI)

-trochlear (CN IV)

-vagus (CN X)

-vagus (CN X)

The pelvic splanchnic nerves originate from the neuron cell bodies housed within the lateral gray matter of the ______ spinal cord segments.

-C1 to C7

-L2 to L5

-S2 to S4

-T1 to T12

-S2 to S4

Parasympathetic innervation to the ciliary muscle results in ____ accommodation, which makes the lens more rounded to allow for close vision.

lens

Preganglionic sympathetic axons travel within the spinal nerves numbered ______ to ______.

-S2; S4

-T1; L2

-T2; T4

-L1; L5

-T1; L2

Which autonomic ganglion provides postganglionic axons to the lacrimal glands and small glands of the nasal cavity, oral cavity, and palate?

-ciliary ganglion

-otic ganglion

-submandibular ganglion

-pterygopalatine ganglion

-pterygopalatine ganglion

The sympathetic trunks are located immediately lateral to the ______.

-diaphragm

-vertebral column

-brain stem

-brachial plexus

-vertebral column

The ganglion that supplies postganglionic parasympathetic innervation to the submandibular and sublingual salivary glands to increase their secretions is the _____ ganglion.

submandibular

[Select all that apply]

Which structures receive sympathetic innervation from the superior cervical ganglion?

-muscles that dilate the bronchioles in the lung

-dilator pupillae muscle of the eye

-sweat glands of the head

-smooth muscles in blood vessels of the neck

-dilator pupillae muscle of the eye

-sweat glands of the head

-smooth muscles in blood vessels of the neck

Which structure receives parasympathetic innervation from the vagus nerve (CN X)?

-heart

-bladder

-uterus

-penis

-heart

Note: Pelvic splanchnic nerves provide parasympathetic innervation to the bladder, uterus, and penis

[Select all that apply]

Sympathetic postganglionic axons innervating thoracic viscera extend from neuron cell bodies within the ______.

-inferior cervical ganglion

-inferior mesenteric ganglion

-middle cervical ganglion

-inferior cervical ganglion

-middle cervical ganglion

The preganglionic neuron cell bodies of the S2-S4 spinal cord segments are the origin of preganglionic parasympathetic axons that branch to form the ______.

-pelvic splanchnic nerves

-lumbar splanchnic nerves

-thoracic splanchnic nerves

-pelvic splanchnic nerves

What connects the spinal nerves to each sympathetic trunk?

-rami communicantes

-autonomic plexuses

-somatic neurons

-rami communicantes

Preganglionic sympathetic axons travel with somatic motor neuron axons to exit the spinal cord and enter the ______.

-anterior roots

-posterior roots

-anterior roots

White rami communicantes have a whitish appearance because they contain preganglionic axons which are _____.

myelinated

A sympathetic trunk looks like a pearl necklace, with bundles of axons making up the "string" and sympathetic trunk ____ making up the "pearls".

ganglia OR ganglion

Postganglionic sympathetic axons are carried from the sympathetic trunk to all spinal nerves through ______.

-white rami communicantes

-gray rami communicantes

-gray rami communicantes

Which part of the cervical portion of the sympathetic trunk distributes axons to structures within the head and neck?

-inferior cervical ganglion

-superior cervical ganglion

-middle cervical ganglion

-superior cervical ganglion

Which are composed of preganglionic sympathetic axons that did not synapse in a sympathetic trunk ganglion?

-pelvic splanchnic nerves

-cranial nerves

-splanchnic nerves

-splanchnic nerves

Which region contains structures that receive sympathetic innervation from the middle and inferior cervical ganglia?

-pelvis

-head

-thorax

-abdomen

-neck

-thorax

Prevertebral ganglia typically cluster around the origins of the major abdominal ______ and are named for these structures.

-organs

-lymph nodes

-muscles

-nerves

-organs

The white rami communicantes connect the ___ nerves to each sympathetic trunk.

spinal

Prevertebral ganglia are only located within the ______.

-abdominopelvic cavity

-thoracic cavity

-head and neck

-abdominopelvic cavity

Preganglionic sympathetic axons from the T1-L2 spinal nerves are carried to the sympathetic trunk through the ______.

-white rami communicantes

-gray rami communicantes

-white rami communicantes

The left and right greater thoracic splanchnic nerves synapse on ganglionic neurons within the ______.

-superior mesenteric ganglion

-celiac ganglion

-inferior mesenteric ganglion

-celiac ganglion

Because they connect to all spinal nerves, the ____ rami communicantes allow sympathetic information originating from the thoracolumbar region to be dispersed throughout the body.

gray

Splanchnic nerves are composed of ______ sympathetic axons that did not synapse in a sympathetic trunk ganglion.

-postganglionic

-preganglionic

-preganglionic

Where do the splanchnic nerves typically terminate?

-sympathetic trunk ganglia

-prevertebral ganglia

-prevertebral ganglia

Prevertebral ganglia are located anterior to the on the ______________ anterolateral surface of the _____.

Blank 1: vertebral column

Blank 2: aorta

[Select all that apply]

Which organs are innervated by postganglionic axons from the celiac ganglion?

-liver

-urinary bladder

-stomach

-spleen

-rectum

-liver

-stomach

-spleen

The ganglion that is adjacent to the origin of the celiac artery is the ____ ganglion.

celiac

The ganglion that is adjacent to the origin of the superior mesenteric artery is the ________________ ganglion.

superior mesenteric

The most superior of the the prevertebral ganglia is the ____ ganglion

celiac

The middle of the three prevertebral ganglia is the _________________ ganglion

superior mesenteric

This area of the gray matter of the spinal cord in segments T1-L2 houses the cell bodies of the sympathetic preganglionic neurons.

-posterior horn

-anterior horn

-lateral horn

-lateral horn

Postganglionic axons from the ____ ganglion innervate the stomach, spleen, liver, gallbladder, proximal part of the duodenum, and part of the pancreas.

celiac

The synaptic knobs of postganglionic adrenergic neurons contain ______.

-acetylcholine

-glutamate

-norepinephrine

-glycine

-norepinephrine

The lesser and least thoracic splanchnic nerves terminate in the ______.

-superior mesenteric ganglion

-inferior mesenteric ganglion

-celiac ganglion

-superior mesenteric ganglion

Axons that release norepinephrine are called ______.

-norepinergic

-adrenergic

-cholinergic

-adrenergic

[Select all that apply]

Which are cholinergic receptors?

-nicotinic

-dopaminergic

-adrenergic

-muscarinic

-nicotinic

-muscarinic

The ____ adrenergic receptors have stimulatory effects, whereas ____ adrenergic receptors may be stimulatory or inhibitory.

Blank 1: alpha OR a

Blank 2: beta OR b

Which segments of the spinal cord house the sympathetic preganglionic neuron cell bodies?

-S2-S4

-L2-S3

-T1-L2

-T1-L2

Parasympathetic innervation from the vagus nerve causes the heart rate to ______.

-increase

-decrease

-decrease

The terminal branches of sympathetic axons contain swollen beads called ____ knobs.

synaptic

The continuous activity of both the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system is called ______ ______.

Blank 1: autonomic OR dual

Blank 2: tone OR innervation

Axons that release acetylcholine are called ______.

-cholinergic

-norepinergic

-adrenergic

-cholinergic

The sympathetic nervous system causes airways in the lungs to widen, while the parasympathetic nervous system causes them to narrow. This is an example of ______ effects of dual innervation.

-cooperative

-permissive

-synergistic

-antagonistic

-antagonistic

Match the cholinergic receptor with the chemical it is named for. These chemicals can bind to and activate the receptor.

muscarinic =>

nicotinic =>

-chemical in tobacco plants

-mushroom poison

muscarinic => mushroom poison

nicotinic =>chemical in tobacco plants

In blood vessels innervated by only sympathetic axons, increased sympathetic stimulation causes the vessels to ____ while decreased sympathetic stimulation causes the vessels to dilate.

constrict, OR vasoconstrict, OR contract

[Select all that apply]

Which are types of adrenergic receptors?

-α1

-muscarinic

-nicotinic

-β2

-α1

-β2

Parasympathetic innervation ______ gland secretions of the GI tract.

-inhibits

-stimulates

-stimulates

True or false: Changes in an autonomic tone typically involve one branch of the autonomic nervous system ceasing activity and the other increasing activity.

False

Note: Usually, only small changes in the activity of one branch are needed.

Generally, the effects of parasympathetic and sympathetic innervation of the same organ are _____, opposing each other to produce different results.

antagonistic, OR opposite, OR complementary

Which autonomic effector is innervated by only the sympathetic division?

-gastrointestinal tract

-blood vessels

-pupil

-heart

-blood vessels

Note: The heart is innervated by both the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous system so it does have dual innervation.