Chapter_12.Part2

Psychodynamic Approach

View of personality as formed by needs, strivings, and desires largely operating outside of awareness, developed by Sigmund Freud.

Id

One of the three independent systems of the mind, representing basic instinctual drives.

Ego

The part of the mind that mediates between the desires of the id and the moral constraints of the superego.

Superego

Represents internalized ideals and provides standards for judgment (the moral compass).

Defense Mechanisms

Unconscious coping mechanisms that reduce anxiety generated by threats from unacceptable impulses.

Repression

Removing painful experiences and unacceptable impulses from the conscious mind; often described as "motivated forgetting."

Rationalization

Supplying reasonable-sounding explanations for unacceptable feelings and behaviour to conceal underlying motives.

Self-Actualizing Tendency

Human motive towards realizing our inner potential, a key concept in humanistic psychology.

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

A model that suggests self-actualization is a higher need after basic needs are met.

Social-Cognitive Approach

Views personality in terms of how a person thinks about and behaves in response to situations.

Personal Constructs

Dimensions people use to make sense of their experiences, proposed by George Kelly.

Locus of Control

A person's tendency to perceive the control of rewards as internal or external.

Self-Concept

A person's explicit knowledge of their own behaviours, traits, and characteristics.

Self-Narratives

Stories people tell about themselves that help form their self-concept.

Self-Esteem

The extent to which an individual likes, values, and accepts themselves.

Implicit Egotism

A preference for things that are similar to oneself, often operating unconsciously.