apush unit 4

election of 1800

jefferson won — aaron burr = vp

• went to house bc tie (hamilton endorsement)

• marked peaceful exchange of power between parties (revolution of 1800)

how did Jefferson maintain support from both sides (federalists & dem-rep)

• federalists: kept nation bank/hamilton’s plan & maintained neutrality (britian & France)

• dem-rep.: made central gov smaller (less jobs & smaller military), & removed whiskey tax

lousiana territory 

western land (included Mississippi river & New Orleans): French territory 

• sold bc needed money to fight British & looses in haiti 

lousiana purchase

wanted bc economic opportunities & removed European presence 

• purchased for 15 million

consequences of Louisiana purchase

• debates over if Jefferson had the power to purchase land (against his party’s ideals)

  • justified: said it was matching their agrarian society

• increased jefferson’s popularity

• sent lewis & clark on their expedition

john marshall

federalist judge, appointed by john Adams — massively strengthened the judicial branch 

marbury v madison (1803)

madison did not send commissary to adam’s midnight appointments — was sued by one

• court ruled that they didn’t have power to make Madison do it

• created judicial review: check to the other branches

mcculloch v Maryland (1819)

state tried to tax federal bank —- established that there was implied power for a national bank & constitution/federal law = supreme

election of 1808

madison elected — supported by Jefferson 

era of good feelings

james monroe’s terms (1816, continuation of Virginia dynasty)

• political domination by dem. rep.

• period of nationalism

economic nationalism

promotion by the federal government to protect American industries & develop infrastructure (following war of 1812)

leadup to war of 1812

• native resistance: Tecumseh organized a confederacy

  • battle of tippecanoe: General Harrison led successful attack against natives

• britian: impressment & provided natives with weapons 

  • war hawks: promoted going to war (clay)

  • federalists: very anti-war

battles of war of 1812

• battle of New Orleans: after the war ended, jackson gained fame

• battles on great lakes

war or 1812 & effects

ended with treaty of Ghent: no land gained or lost 

• effects:

  • creation of star spangled banner

  • jackson (battle of new orelans) & harrison gained popularity

  • us gained respect

opposition to the war of 1812

heavily disliked by the federalists

• threatened secession with Hartford convention — led to collapse of party after war ended 

american system

1. create protective tariffs: protect northern industry 

2. establish national bank (recharter)

3. infrastructure developments

• madison & monroe against federally funded infrastructure (not in constitution)

panic of 1819

caused by economic speculation following war of 1812 & increased western movement

• banks closed, unemployment

reasons for westward movement

• available land

• economic pressure (move away from exhausted soil)

• improved transportation (roads & canals)

• immigrants (cheap land)

missouri compromise

established to maintain balance of free & slave states in congress

• established Missouri as slave state

• established Maine as free state

• prohibited slavery above 36’30’ parallel

  • worsened sectionalism (slavery)

tallmadge amendment

a step to abolish slavery in Missouri then everywhere — rejected in congress

foreign policy issues under jefferson

• challenges to neutrality (britian & France during Napoleonic wars)

  • chespeake-leopard affair: firing on us warship & impressment 

• barbary pirates: merchant ships being seized in africa 

embargo act (1807)

closed foreign trade: specifically britian & France

• meant to threaten them out of impressment & to take their neutrality seriously

• did not work & damaged us economy

nonintercourse act of 1809

replaced the embargo act: tried to fix the economic downfall from embargo

• opened foreign trade everywhere but with France & britain

macons bill no 2 

opened trade with France & britain — whichever country accepted their neutrality they would stop trading with the other 

• France took that offer then backstabbed us 

rush-bargot agreement (1817)

disarment pact (Canada & us border)

• lower naval presence in (great lakes)

• lower fortifications

treaty of 1818

improved relations with Canada

• settled north limits of Louisiana territory

jackson military campaign into Florida 

meant to stop raids (natives) —- extremely harsh (supported by Adams)

adams-onis treaty

spain sold florida & Oregon territories to United States: gave up territory in texas

monroe doctrine

monroe’s foreign affair doctrine — established us as power in western hemisphere, no more European colonization