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manager
a person who has the upper hand; a person who is in charge of someone or something
Traditional Management
Top managers ensure competitiveness of the organization by creating new strategies that the lower management will implement to maintain obedience
contemporary management
empowered lower
Empowerment
giving employees the authority to correct a problem without first checking with management
Interpersonal
leader, figurehead
Psychology
the scientific study of behavior and mental processes
Leadership
The action of leading a group of people or an organization
Entrepreneurship
the process of starting, organizing, managing, and assuming the responsibility for a business
Strategic Planning
tactical planning
Short term planning that is the implementation of the strategic plan, often used by middle
operational planning
assumes organization wide goals and specifies ways to achieve them
Organizing
the process of allocating human resources in the best possible configuration to achieve an organizations goal.
Job Design
the process of combining various elements to form a job, keeping in mind organizational and employee requirements.
Leading
Utilizing social and informal influences to set a standard for those under your guidance
Controlling
the process of ensuring that performance does not deviate from preset standards
OCB
organizational citizenship behavior
In role performance
The things that are necessary as part of your job description
Henry Fayol
14 principles of management
Frederick Taylor
Father of scientific management
Frank Gilbreth and Lillian Moller Gilbreth
scientist to improve productivity and reduce fatigues by studying the motion used by workers
Peter Drucker
creator and inventor of modern management
Warren Bennis
Pioneered a new theory of leadership that addressed the need for leaders to have vision and to communicate that vision.
social networking
systems that allow members of a certain site to learn about other members skills, talents, knowledge, and preferences
learning organization
An organization skilled at creating, acquiring, and transferring knowledge, and at modifying its behavior to reflect new knowledge and insights.
virtual organization
where employees work remotely—sometimes within the same city, but more often across a country and across national borders
Wiki
A collaborative website that can be edited by anyone that can access it.
performance orientation
how much should individuals be rewarded for improvement and excellence
uncertainty avoidance
Rules are created to enforce strict codes that minimize uncertain outcomes in the workplace
Assertiveness
how confrontational and dominant should individuals be in social relationships
power distance
a value orientation that refers to the extent to which less powerful members of institutions and organizations within a culture expect and accept an unequal distribution of power
gender egalitarianism
Refers to the degree to which a society is characterized by equal opportunities and access to resources for men and women
institutional collectivism
the extent to which people act predominantly as a member of a lifelong group or organization
humane orientation
represents the degree to which individuals are encouraged to be altruistic, caring, kind, generous, and fair
future orientation
One's expectations and the degree to which one is thoughtful about the future. It is a multifaceted concept that includes planning, realism, and a sense of control
Sarbanes
Oxley Act
Categorical Imperative
An ethical guideline developed by Immanuel Kant under which an action is evaluated in terms of what would happen if everybody else in the same situation, or category, acted the same way.
Legalism
adherance to laws and formula
cultural relativism
the practice of judging a culture by its own standards
Utilitarianism
idea that the goal of society should be to bring about the greatest happiness for the greatest number of people
light of day
When the real traits of a business are revealed
Personality
traits, values, and attitudes
values
Beliefs of a person or social group in which they have an emotional investment (either for or against something).
openness to experience
how intellectual, imaginative, curious, and broad
Conscientiousness
A personality dimension that describes someone who is responsible, dependable, persistent, and organized
Agreeableness
characteristics that are perceived as kind, sympathetic, cooperative, warm and considerate
Neuroticism
anxiety, insecurity, emotional instability
self
monitoring
proactive personality
people who identify opportunities, show initiative, take action, and persevere until meaningful change occurs
self
esteem
self
efficacy
Faking
giving false answers in personality tests
Perception
the process by which individuals detect and interpret environmental stimuli
self
enhancement bias
False consensus bias
When we assume everyone else agrees with what we do, even if they do not
social perception
how we perceive others will shape our behavior, which, in turn, will shape the behavior of the person we are interacting with
stereotype
A generalized belief about a group of people
self
fulfilling prophecy
selective perception
The phenomenon that people often pay the most attention to things they already agree with and interpret them according to their own predispositions.
job satisfaction
a positive feeling about one's job resulting from an evaluation of its characteristics
organizational commitment
the emotional attachment people have toward the company they work for
job engagement
Investment of employee's physical, cognitive, and emotional energies into job performance
person
organization fit
person
job fit
psychological contract
the unspoken, informal understanding that an employee will contribute certain things to the organization
attitude surveys
Surveys that are given to employees periodically to track their work attitudes.
absenteeism
(n) staying away from work, especially often and without good reasons
employee turnover
The rate at which people enter and leave employment in a business during a year.
Mission Statement
communicates the organization's reason for being, and how it aims to serve its key stakeholders
Vision Statement
a future
organizational culture
a system of shared meaning held by members that distinguishes the organization from other organizations
organizational design
a formal, guided process for integrating the people, information, and technology of an organization
Strategic Human Resource Management
reflects the aim of integrating the organization's human capital—its people—into the mission and vision
programmed thinking
Thinking that relies on logical or structured ways of creating a new product or service (often called left
lateral thinking
the solving of problems by an indirect and creative approach, typically through viewing the problem in a new and unusual light.
SCAMPER
a checklist tool that helps individuals think of changes that can be made to an existing marketplace to create a new product, a new service, or both
nominal group technique
A decision
Stakeholders
All the people who stand to gain or lose by the policies and activities of a business and whose concerns the business needs to address.
stakeholder analysis
refers to the range of techniques or tools used to identify and understand the needs and expectations of major interests inside and outside the organization environment
Strategic Management
reflects the firm's actions to achieve its mission and vision as seen by its achievement of specific goals and objectives
strategy formulation
The development of a set of corporate, business, and functional strategies that allow an organization to accomplish its mission and achieve its goals
Synergy
when the interaction of two or more activities, such as those in a business, create a combined effect greater than the sum of their individual effects
SWOT analysis
strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats
Intended Strategy
the strategy the organization decides on during the planning phase and wants to use
realized strategy
the strategy that actually takes place
Emergent Strategy
any unplanned strategic initiative bubbling up from the bottom of the organization
Competencies
resources and capabilities that serve as a source of a firm's competitive advantage over rivals
Resources
a spectrum of individual, social, and organizational assets
Value Chain
a useful tool for taking stock of organizational capabilities. The value chain framework outlines key activities that differentiate the value
VRIO Analysis
Value
Rarity
Inimitability
Organization
(Building blocks of competitive advantage)
PESTEL
Political
Economic
Social
Technological
Environmental
Legal