Chapter 6: Behaviorism and Social Cognitive Theory

Antecedents

Events or conditions that occur before a behavior and influence its occurrence.

Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA)

A systematic approach to understanding and changing behavior based on principles of operant.

Behaviorism

A theory of learning that emphasizes observable behaviors and the role of environmental factors in shaping behavior.

Classical Conditioning

A learning process in which a neutral stimulus becomes associated with an unconditioned stimulus to elicit a conditioned response.

Cognitive Behavior Modification

A technique that integrates behavioral and cognitive strategies to change thoughts and behaviors.

Cognitive Modeling

Demonstrating cognitive strategies and thought processes for learners to observe and emulate.

Conditioned Response (CR)

A learned response to a perviously stimulus that has been paired with an unconditioned stimulus.

Conditioned Stimulus (CS)

A previously neutral stimulus that, after being paired with an unconditioned stimulus, elicits a conditioned response.

Consequences

Outcomes that follow a behavior and influence its future occurrence.

Continuous Reinforcement Schedule

A reinforcement schedule in which a behavior is reinforced every time it occurs.

Corporal Punishment

The use of physical punishment as a means of controlling behavior.

Delay of Gratification

The ability ro resist an immediate reward in favor of a larger, delayed reward.

Desist

A directive used to stop an undesirable behavior.

Discrimmination

The ability to differentiate between similar stimuli and respond appropriately.

Extinction (CC)

The process by which a condition response diminishes when the conditioned stimulus is repeatedly presented without the unconditioned stimulus.

Extinction (OC)

The weakening of a learned behavior when reinforcement is withheld.

Functional Analysis

The process of identifying the underlying causes and functions of behavior to develop effective interventions.

Generalization

The tendency for a learned response to occur in similar situations beyond the original learning context.

Inhibition

The suppression of a behavior due to the presence of particular stimulus or condition.

Intermittent Reinforcement Schdule

The reinforcement schedule in which behaviors are reinforced only some of the time.

Interval Schedules of Reinforcement

Reinforcement schedules based on time intervals rather than the number of responses.

Learning (Behaviorism)

A relatively permanent change in behavior due to experience and reinforcement.

Learning (Cognitive)

The process of acquiring and organizing knowledge through mental processes.

Modeling

Demonstrating a behavior so that others can learn through observation.

Negative Reinforcement

The removal of an aversive stimulus to increase the likelihood of a behavior occuring.

Neutral Stimuli

Stimuli that initially have no effect on behavior but can become conditioned stimuli through association.

Non-Exclusionary Timeout

A form of timeout where the student remains in the learning environment but its restricted from participating.

Operant Conditioning

A learning process where behavior are shaped by reinforcement or punishment.

Positive Behavior Support

A proactive approach to managing behavior by reinforcing desirable actions.

Positive Reinforcement

The addition of a rewarding stimulus to increase the likelihood of a behvaior occuring.

Premack Punishment

A principle stating that a more preferred activity can reinforce a less preferred activity.

Presentation Punishment

The introduction of an averse stimulus to decrease the occurrence of a behavior.

Punishers

Stimuli that decrease the likelihood of behavior occurring.

Punishment

A consequence that reduces the likelihood of a behavior being repeated.

Ratio Schedules of Reinforcement

Reinforcement schedules based on the number of responses rather than time intervals.

Reciprocal Causation

A concept in social cognitive theory where behavior, personal factors, and environmental influences interact and shape each other.

Reinforcement

A process that increases the likelihood of. a behavior occurring.

Reinforcement Schedules

The rules that determine when and hoe reinforcement is delivered.

Reinforcer

A stimulus that strengthens a behavior when presented after it.

Removal Punishment

The removal of a pleasant stimulus to decease the likelihood of a behavior occurring.

Response Cost

A form of punishment where a previously earned reward of privilege is taken away.

Satiation

The reduction in effectiveness of a reinforcer after excessive exposure.

Self-Regulated Learning

The process where learners take control of their own learning, including setting goals and monitoring progress.

Self Regulated (SR)

The ability to control one’s thoughts, emotions, and behaviors to achieve long-term goals.

Shaping

Reinforcing successive approximations of a desired behavior to gradually achieve the target behavior.

Social Cognitive Theory

A learning theory emphasizing the role of observation, imitation, and cognitive processes in behavior.

Unconditioned Response (UR)

A stimulus that naturally elicits an unconditioned response.

Unconditioned Stimulus (US)

A stimulus that naturally elicits an unconditioned response.

Vicarious Learning

Learning by observing others and experiencing the consequences of their actions.