Intelligence and Problem Solving-Psych
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44 Terms
A method for assessing an individual's mental aptitudes and comparing them with those of others, using numerical scores.
A measure of intelligence test performance devised by Binet; the chronological age that most typically corresponds to a given level of performance.
The precise number of years that a person has lived, calculated from their date of birth.
Defined originally as the ratio of mental age (ma) to chronological age (ca) multiplied by 100 units (thus, IQ= ma/ca x 100). On contemporary tests, the average performance for a given age is a score of 100.
Mental quality consists of the ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt to new situations.
A statistical procedure that identifies clusters of related items (called factors) on a test; used to identify different dimensions of performance that underlie one's total score.
A general intelligence factor that Spearman and others believed underlies specific mental abilities and is therefore measured by every task on an intelligence test.
A psychological theory that states that people have different ways of learning and different types of intelligence
The ability to produce novel and valuable ideas.
A test designed to predict a person's future performance; aptitude is the capacity to learn.
A test designed to assess what a person has learned.
A generational phenomenon in which average Intelligence Quotient (IQ) scores have been found to increase across time in developed countries at a startlingly consistent rate of approximately 0.33 points per year, or 3.3 points per decade
Defining meaningful scores by comparison with the performance of a pretested "standardization group".
A field of study within psychology concerned with the theory and technique of measurement. Generally covers specialized fields within psychology and education devoted to testing, measurement, assessment, and related activities.
The process of establishing a standard or reference point for a particular measurement or assessment.
The percentage of individuals in a given population who score lower than or equal to a specific value. It indicates the relative position of a score within a distribution
A measure of how well a psychological test or assessment accurately reflects the theoretical construct it is designed to measure.
A way to measure the internal consistency of a test, survey, or other instrument. It's a type of internal consistency reliability that assesses how well a test measures the same variable.
The extent to which a test yields consistent results, as assessed by the consistency of scores on two halves of the test, on alternate forms of the test, or on retesting.
The extent to which a test measures or predicts what it is supposed to.
A measure of how well a psychological test or assessment accurately reflects the theoretical construct it is designed to measure.
The success with which a test predicts the behavior it is designed to predict; it is assessed by computing the correlation between test scores and the criterion behavior. (also called criterion-related validity).
The view that intelligence, abilities, and talents are unchangeable, even with effort.
A focus on learning and growing rather than viewing abilities as fixed.
A self-confirming concern that one will be evaluated based on a negative stereotype.
A phenomenon in psychology where individuals from a group that is not typically stereotyped in a negative way perform better on a task when they are aware of a negative stereotype about another group.
A mental grouping of similar objects, events, ideas, or people.
A mental image or best example of a category. Matching new items to the prototype provides a quick and easy method for including items in a category.
Interpreting our new experiences in terms of our existing schemas
Adapting our current schemas to incorporate new information.
A methodical, logical rule or procedure that guarantees solving a particular problem.
A simple thinking strategy that often allows us to make judgments and solve problems efficiently; usually speedier but also more error-prone than algorithms.
A tendency to approach a problem in a particular way, especially a way that has been successful in the past but may or may not be helpful in solving a new problem.
The tendency to think of things only in terms of their usual functions; an impediment to problem solving.
Judging the likelihood of things in terms of how well they seem to represent, or match, particular prototypes; may lead one to ignore other relevant information. (sterotypes)
Estimating the likelihood of events based on their availability in memory; if instances come readily to mind (perhaps because of their vividness). We presume such events are common. (seen on the news)
A concept or framework that organizes and interprets information.
The ability to produce new & valuable ideas
Narrowing the available problem solutions to determine the single best solution
Expanding the number of possible problem solutions; creative thinking that diverges in different directions
A cognitive bias that occurs when someone believes that a past event will impact the outcome of a future event.
The cognitive bias where people tend to continue investing time, money, or effort into something even when it is no longer beneficial because they've already invested significantly in it, essentially feeling like they can't "waste" what they've already put in, regardless of future potential gains or losses.
Higher-level cognitive skills that help people manage their thoughts and actions.
The way an issue posed; how an issue is worded can significantly affect decisions & judgment
Note 
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