wsc 2024 (topics 1-8)

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223 Terms

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Black letter

a font used by gutenberg in the first printing press. Downside: limited number of words per page

<p>a font used by gutenberg in the first printing press. Downside: limited number of words per page</p>
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UPC

Universal Product Code used in bar code

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Amazon Go

Shop that you don't to check out at all. You just take staff from shelves, and AI understands how much you pay. Just walk out.

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Just walk out

Technology of Amazon go for a shop with no check out

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QR code

quick response code. invented in 1984 in Japan

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QR codes in restaurants

began in the pandemic. there were QR codes on the tables that sent to digital menus instead of physical menus.

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criticism of QR codes in restaurants

disturb communal aspect, make you check notifications, are less convenient, can track consumer behavior, exclude less tech savvy people, and more

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L. Sasha Gora

cultural historian that studies culinary environmental humanities (cultural aspects to do with food). studied menus and the passenger pigeon pie.

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Caroline S. Brooks

An American sculptor. Made butter sculptures to promote her farmer husband's butter.

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Dreaming Iolanthe

butter sculpture of a blind princess from the verse drama, "King René's Daughter". made by Caroline S. Brooks.

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Vladimer Lenin

said "there are decades where nothing happens; and there are weeks in which decades happen"

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Gutenberg

Invented the printing press in the 15th century

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Roman Typeface

2nd font invented in 1470 by Nicolas Jenson (more words per page)

<p>2nd font invented in 1470 by Nicolas Jenson (more words per page)</p>
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italics

3rd font invented (1501) to save space (by Manutius & Griffo).

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Digital typography

Fonts in computer. 1st font: Digi Grotesk (by Rudolf Hell). In 1974 fonts changed from pictures to vector, so they can look good in any scale

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Truetype

font looks the same in PC and printer

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opentype

font looks the same in PC and mac

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Web Open Font Format (WOFF)

fonts looking the same in all browser in the internet

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Aptos

Font that microsoft chose in 2021 to be the default in its apps (e.g., Word). Old name: Bierstadt (beer city). Town in california

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word's fonts

1st: Times New Roman (Serif)
2nd (2007): Calibri (sans serif)
3rd: Aptos (sans serif)

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Serif vs. sans serif

with tiny lines (feet), e.g. Times new Roman, common in print vs. without (e.g. Calibri/Aptos), common in screens

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London Underground's fonts

100 years used Johnstons Sans font. In 2016 did tiny change to Johnston 100 font, to make it digitally friendly

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US Department of states' fonts

1) Courier ("typewriter" and old computers font", IBM, serif)
2) Times New Roman (Word): 2004
3) Calibri (2023): changed to help visually impaired workers

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Thomas Phinney

Works in Adobe's font group, helped in court as font expert to check forgery. Document supposedly from 1983 was printed in inkjet printer (invented late 80s). Document from 1968 used font inventes 25 years later.

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ScienceGothic.com

site allows user to personally adjust a Sceince Gothic font (Thomas Pinney)

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Sentence with all letters in english once

The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog

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self checkout

Paying in supermarket through a machine. Wlamart & Cotsoco's customers complained it is slow and unreliable, and prefer satffed cash registers.

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Joe Woodland

Inventor of barcode

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bar code

Invented in 1974 in USA by Woodland. Inspired by Morse code. Before seller had to type price of each product, and it was slow

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Erika Iris Simmons

an artist that used old cassette tapes to portray celibraties and musician, specifically the artists of the tapes' song.

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cassette tape

A tape storage media introduced in the 1960s in which the tape was enclosed in a small plastic molding, or cassette.

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Dominique Blaine

a Canadian artist that made Missa

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Missa

100 army boots symbolising the victims of war. made by Dominique Blaine. shown in Mauntrial.

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Jan Simek

A professor from the University of Tennessee. discovered ancient cave art in alabama.
wrote antiquity.

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ancient cave in Alabama

had ancient cave art of a man and the sacred rattlesnake, which may have represented spirits of the underworld. was discovered by Jan Simek using photogammetry.

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glyph

rock painting

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photogammetry

overlapping images joined together

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Sulawesi Cave Art

art from 40,000 years ago in Leang Timpuseng Cave, Sulawesi island, Indonesia. in it there is painting of a female pig-deer (babirusa) and the oldest hand stencil

<p>art from 40,000 years ago in Leang Timpuseng Cave, Sulawesi island, Indonesia. in it there is painting of a female pig-deer (babirusa) and the oldest hand stencil</p>
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babirusa

AKA pig-dear. appears in Sulawesi Cave Art from 40,000 years ago. one of the oldest Figuritive arts.

<p>AKA pig-dear. appears in Sulawesi Cave Art from 40,000 years ago. one of the oldest Figuritive arts.</p>
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Finches

a bird family from the Galapagos islands. they were studied and sketched by Charlse Darwin. each of the 13 islands had a slightly different speices of it. it was a key to the discovery of evalution.

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Charles Darwin

discovered evalution. on his Beagle trip to the Galapagos islands he studied and s ketched many animals such as finches which helped him discover evalution.

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Lascaux Caves

from France. recreated fully by Jean-Pierre Chadelle because of overcrowdedness and CO2. had glyphs of bulls and horses.

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Jean-Pierre Chadelle

recreated the Lascaux Caves

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Machu Picchu

abandoned city in Peru. was once in the Incan empire. had rigid quotas put on it. is considered a wonder of the world.

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quotas on Machu Picchu

in 2019 the Peruvian autharities started restricting visitors to the site. they started by restricting visiting hours to 4 a day and even 3 in some areas and then they also set a 4000, then a 5000, visitor limit.

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E.S. Wheeler

proposed to build a replica of the great pyramid of Giza in Detroit, Michigan, USA for impracticle reasons and using unreasonable ways

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Eifella

a Mini (32 meter tall) tribute to the Eiffel Tower made by Phillipe Maindron in 2023 in Paris, France

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Phillipe Maindron

built Eifella, a tribute to the Eiffel Tower

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Eiffel Tower

made by Gustave Eiffel, 1889. in Paris, France.

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Eiffel Tower replicas

in atleast 10 cities including Paris - Texas, Las Vegas - Nevada, Tokyo - Japan (the tallest), Tianducheng - China, and even Lahore -Pakistan

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Baku

capital of Azerbaijan. pretty low density

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Kuala Lumpur

Capital of Malaysia. pretty crowded

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Lithodomos

Australian company that uses 5 dollar VR to experiance ancient cities. founder Simon Young

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andrew Goldman

history professor that uses VR (from cardboard) to show ancient places such as pompeii before it was destroyed.

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Modigliani VR: The Ochre Atelier

VR experiance in Tate Meusium in London showing the Parisian artist, Modigliani's, studio from 100 years ago

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The Opening of the Diet 1863 by Alexander II

VR experiance in National Museum of Finland showing a Diet (19th century Finnish parlament) meating. based on a painting by R.W. Ekman

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I Came and Went as a Ghost Hand

VR art, London, 2016, Rachel Rossin

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La Camera Insabbiata

VR art of a tree room. Laurie Anderson & Hsin-Chien Huang. 2017, Taipe, Taiwan

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Judith on the Red Square

Painting of the head of Josef Stalin perched on Judith's (an Israelite who beheaded an invading general) hand by Komar and Melamid (2 exiled Soviet artists)

<p>Painting of the head of Josef Stalin perched on Judith's (an Israelite who beheaded an invading general) hand by Komar and Melamid (2 exiled Soviet artists)</p>
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Judith

an Israelite woman who seduced and then beheaded an invading Assyrian general, Holofernes. she has a lot of art about her and she represents female rage

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Giorgio Vasari

Italian painter that made "Judith and Holofernes" in 1554 using a Mannerist style

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Mannerism

an artistic movement from Italy in the 16th century. had artificial and exxagerated qualities

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Judith and Holofernes (2012)

made by Kehinde Wiley. shows Judith as a black woman

<p>made by Kehinde Wiley. shows Judith as a black woman</p>
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The Girl with the Pearl Earring

made by Johannes Vermeer in 1665. when the Mauritshuis Museum in the Hague lent it out in 2023 it launched a compitition to find something to hang in it's place.

<p>made by Johannes Vermeer in 1665. when the Mauritshuis Museum in the Hague lent it out in 2023 it launched a compitition to find something to hang in it's place.</p>
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My Girl With a Pearl

a compititon to temporrerelly replace the faemos painting. out of 3500 submissions, there were 5 winners, one of which was created with AI

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A Girl with Glowing Earrings

made by Julian van Dieken using AI. one of 5 winners of an art compition. it is said that it infringes on copyright and is an "incredible insult"

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Julian van Dieken

made A Girl with Glowing Earrings using AI

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Napoleon Crossing the Alps

made by Jacques-Louis David. Napoleon didn't agree to pose so David used his son. replaced his mule with a stallion. it was innaccurate but Napoleon liked it. had Hannibal and charlamagne written.

<p>made by Jacques-Louis David. Napoleon didn't agree to pose so David used his son. replaced his mule with a stallion. it was innaccurate but Napoleon liked it. had Hannibal and charlamagne written.</p>
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Jacques-Louis David

made Napoleon Crossing the Alps

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Paul Delaroche

made an accurate, but dull version of Napoleon Crossing the Alps

<p>made an accurate, but dull version of Napoleon Crossing the Alps</p>
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Emanuel Leutze

made "Washington Crossing the Delaware" (1851), which is iconic and inaccurate

<p>made "Washington Crossing the Delaware" (1851), which is iconic and inaccurate</p>
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Mort Kunstler

made an accurate, but dull version of "Washington Crossing the Delaware" (raft instaid of boat

<p>made an accurate, but dull version of "Washington Crossing the Delaware" (raft instaid of boat</p>
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Robert Colescott

made "George Washington Carver Crossing the Delaware" where all the men in the ship are African Americans. againt the omission of African Americans.

<p>made "George Washington Carver Crossing the Delaware" where all the men in the ship are African Americans. againt the omission of African Americans.</p>
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Castillo San Felipe del Morro

in San Juan, Puerto Rico. was a fort built by the Spanish, is now a meusium with a great view of the sea

<p>in San Juan, Puerto Rico. was a fort built by the Spanish, is now a meusium with a great view of the sea</p>
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Funai castle

Japam, builit in 1562, mostly destroyed, recently beautiful LED lights

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3D models & VR & LED

reconstruct broken castles.
7 castles
Guildford Castle
Funai castle

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Guildford Castle

One of the oldest castle in south England (1066). Reconsturcted in VR.

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castle

from Europe and the middle east. Goal: protect king and his people. Typically Includes: thick walls, heavy gates, high towers, slits, & moats.

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Palace

All around the world. Grand residence, often of head of state. Goal: to "show off". Typically includes : elaborate architecture, golden throns, banquat halls, many decorated rooms etc.,

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The Winter Palace

Peter the Great in Russia built in St. Peterburg largely on influence of Versailles, museum

<p>Peter the Great in Russia built in St. Peterburg largely on influence of Versailles, museum</p>
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Buckingham palace

The home of the Royal Family, the London residence of the British sovereign

<p>The home of the Royal Family, the London residence of the British sovereign</p>
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Rambagh Palace

former residence of the Maharaja of Jaipur (north india), Now hotel

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Parador Alcaniz

Spain, former castle, now hotel

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St Donats Castle

Former castle in Wales, now private school

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Alnwick Castle

Former castle, now museum, was used to shoot harry potter scenes, England.

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Doune Castle

former castle, now museum, Scotland.

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Old London bridge

built in the time of the Romans. for many years the only bridge on the river thames. had houses and shops. was rebuilt many times. was replaced because its arches were to narrow.

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Claude de Jongh

made a painting of the Old London Bridge. Dutch.

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the High Line

it was an elavated railway in NYC that was made into a very long but narrow park

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Kai Task and Athens airports

in Hong Kong and Athens. made into nieghborhoods

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Urban rooftops in th US

are becoming organic farms

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Parking lots in France

are covered by solar panels

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Cuneiform

A pictographic form of writing developed by the Sumerians using a wedge shaped stylus and clay tablets. the first system of writing. originally for trade and accounting

<p>A pictographic form of writing developed by the Sumerians using a wedge shaped stylus and clay tablets. the first system of writing. originally for trade and accounting</p>
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Petroglyph

an image carved into rock mostly by prehistoric people across the world.

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Nsibidi

a pictogram from southeastern Nigeria.

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Quipu

A recording device made from strings from Andean South America (the Incas).

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Dispilio Tablet

a wooden tablet with markings on it from ancient Greece.

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Oracle bones

an ox scapula and a turtle plaston added together. It was used for pyromancy in ancient China

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Cyclon

a cylendrical stone marked with marks and cuts and incisions, from the aboriginal Australians

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Geoglyph

a large design made on the ground from mainly South America and England but also around the world