chapter 8: the blood and lymphatic systems & chapter 9: the cardiovascular system

coagul/o

coagulation

cyt/o

cell

-emia

blood condition

hem/o, hemat/o

blood

immun/o

immune system

leuk/o

white

lymph/o

lymph

myel/o

bone marrow

-penia

deficiency

phleb/o

ven/o

vein

splen/o

spleen

thromb/o

clot

thym/o

thymus

tonsill/o

tonsils

angi/o

vas/o

vascul/o

vessel

aort/o

aorta

arteri/o

artery

ather/o

fatty plaque

atri/o

atrium (upper chamber)

cardi/o

coron/o

heart

heart (crown)

phleb/o

ven/o

vein

sept/o

septum (septa)

valvul/o

valve

ventricul/o

ventricle (lower chamber)

anemia

reduction of red blood cells noticed by the patient as weakness and fatigue

anisocytosis

condition characterized by a great inequality in the size of red blood cells

antibody

substance produced by the body in response to an antigen

anticoagulant

drug that prevents the coagulation of blood

antigen

substance that causes the body to produce antibodies

apheresis

general term for a process, similar to dialysis, that draws blood, removes something from it, then returns the rest of the blood to the patient

aplastic anemia

anemia caused by red blood cells not being formed in sufficient quantities

asplenia

absence of a spleen or of spleen function

autoimmune disease

a disease caused by the body’s immune system attacking the body’s own healthy tissue

bilirubinemia

the presence of bilirubin (red bile) in the blood

coagulopathy

any disease that deals with problems in blood coagulation

cytapheresis

apheresis to remove cellular material

deep vein thrombosis

the formation of a blood clot in a vein deep in the body; most commonly the leg

ecchymosis

large bruise

elliptocyte

oval-shaped red blood cell

elliptocytosis

condition characterized by an increase in the number of oval-shaped red blood cells

embolism

blockage in a blood vessel caused by an embolus

embolus

mass of matter present in the blood

erythrocyte

red blood cell

erythrocytosis

abnormal increase in the number of red blood cells

hematocrit

test to judge or separate the blood; used to determine the ratio of red blood cells to total blood volume

hematology

study of the blood

hematoma

mass of blood within an organ, cavity, or tissue

hematopoiesis

formation of blood cells

hemoglobin

iron-containing pigment in red blood cells that carries oxygen to the cells

hemoglobinopathy

disease of the hemoglobin

hemolysis

breakdown of blood cells

hemolytic anemia

anemia caused by the destruction of red blood cells

hemophilia

condition in which the blood doesn’t clot, thus causing excessive bleeding

hemorrhage

excessive blood loss

hemostatic

drug that stops the flow of blood

hepatosplenitis

inflammation of the liver and spleen

hepatosplenomegaly

enlargement of the liver and spleen

hyperbilirubinemia

excessive bilirubin in the blood

hypercholesterolemia

excessive cholesterol in the blood

hypercoagulability

increased ability of the blood to coagulate

hyperlipidemia

excessive fat in the blood

hypersplenism

increased spleen activity

hypervolemia

increased blood volume

hypoperfusion

inadequate flow of blood

hypovolemia

decreased blood volume

immunocompromised

having an immune system incapable of responding normally and completely to a pathogen or disease

immunodeficiency

immune system with decreased or compromised response to disease-causing organisms

immunoglobulin

protein that provides protection (immunity) against disease

immunologist

specialist in the immune system

immunology

study of the immune system

immunosuppression

reduction in the activity of the body’s immune system

iron deficiency anemia

anemia caused by inadequate iron intake

ischemia

blockage of blood flow to an organ

laparosplenectomy

surgical removal of the spleen through the abdomen

leukemia

cancer of the blood or bone marrow characterized by the abnormal increased in white blood cells

leukocyte

white blood cell

leukocytosis

increased in the number of white blood cells

leukopenia

deficiency in white blood cells

lymphadenectomy

surgical removal of a lymph gland (node)

lymphadenitis

inflammation of a lymph gland (node)

lymphadenopathy

any disease of a lymph gland (node); refers to noticeably swollen lymph nodes

lymphadenotomy

incision into a lymph gland (node)

lymphangiectasia

dilation of a lymph vessel, normally noticed by swelling in the extremities

lymphangiogram

record of the study of lymph vessels

lymphangiography

procedure to study the lymph vessels

lymphangitis

inflammation of the lymph vessels

lymphedema

swelling caused by abnormal accumulation of lymph

lymphocyte

lymph cell

lymphoma

tumor originating in lymphocytes

lymphopenia

abnormal deficiency in lymph

macrocytosis

condition characterized by large red blood cells

microcytosis

condition characterized by small red blood cells

myelodysplasia

disease characterized by poor production of blood cells by the bone marrow

myeloma

cancerous tumor of the bone marrow

myelopoiesis

formation of bone marrow

nephrosplenopexy

surgical fixation of the spleen and a kidney

neutropenia

deficiency in neutrophil

normocyte

normal-sized red blood cell

oligocythemia

deficiency in the number of red blood cells

oligomyelitis

inflammation of bone and bone marrow