Fine Motor, Cognitive, Language, Social-Emotional, Adaptive Development

1. somatosensory

2. vision

3. msk

4. regulation

5. cognition

6. social and culture

what are the factors contributing to fine motor skill development

precision, accuracy

for fine motor skills, _______ and ______ come from children coordinating visual and somatosensory info guiding hand and finger movements while maintaining stable posture

visual system

______ is the last to develop

rudimentary

at birth, there is ______ visual fixation with brief tracking ability

light

newborns’ vision adjusts to ______ and focus — they can see light and dark ranges

clearer, binocular vision, cross midline

3-6 month vision:

separate

6 month vision: fully developed visual control, eyes move ______ from head, color vision developing

judge distance well

1 year vision:

3-5 years

_____ vision: figure ground improves, enhanced fine motor skills

ALL PLANES

5 year vision: tracking in _______ and disassociate eye-head movements

6-7 years

_______ vision: figure ground stabilizes, perception improves

form constancy, ten

8-9 years vision: position in space, stabilization of ______, continued improvement in spatial relations until _____ y.o.

parent

5-8 months vision: child can recognize ______ across the room

palmar grasp reflex

0-3 months grasp:

palmar

4-5 month grasp:

radial digital

7-9 month grasp:

raking

7-8 month grasp:

inferior pincer

7-10 month grasp:

neat pincer (pad-to-pad)

9-10 month grasp:

tip (superior) pincer

10-12 month grasp:

refinement and varied power grasps

1-3 years grasp:

FALSE — wrist EXTENSION

T/F: at 9-10 months, wrist flexion becomes more prominent during grasping

ULNAR

When babies start grasping, they use the _____ side of their hand

ATNR

______ sets babies up for reaching by allowing them to look at objects with extended arms

ulnar, radial

Grasp progresses from ______ to _______….once crawling and creeping, babies start to dissociate hand pressure for even better grasp and support

hook or snap grip

8-12 months power grasp:

cylindrical

12 months power grasp:

spherical

18 months power grasp:

lateral pretension

toddlerhood power grasp:

go look at development of pencil grasp (slide 8/26)!!!!!

go look at development of pencil grasp (slide 8/26)!!!!!

1. radial cross palmar

2. palmar supinate

3. digital pronate (extended index)

4. brush

5. extended fingers

6. cross thumb

7. static tripod

8. four fingers

9. lateral tripod

10. dynamic tripod

pencil grasp progression: (if you find a way to remember this exact order, lmk!!)

• hand + finger strength

• cross midline

• hand eye coordination

• bilateral integration

• manipulation

• postural stability

key aspects of pencil grasp progression:

Expressive

________ language is the ability to speak and convey thoughts, needs, ideas

Receptive

_______ language is understanding what words are said to you

Speech

_______ includes articulation (fine mov’t of tongue/teeth/lips), voice (inflection, modulation), and fluency (coherency of word patterns)

• cooing/gooing

• alert to sounds

• smiles/quiets when talked to

2-3 month speech/language milestones:

• squeals/growls/raspberries

• babbling

• giggles/laughs

4-6 month speech/language milestones:

• babbling

• looks when name is called

• gestures

7-9 months speech/language milestones:

• babbling with more sounds

• pointing/waving

• says 1-2 words

10-12 month speech/language milestones:

• shakes head yes/no

• points understands/uses words for common objects

• simple directions

• 1 or more body parts

13-18 months speech/language milestones:

• 50+ words

• asks for help

• puts 2+ words together

• 2-step directions

19-24 months speech/language milestones:

• phrases

• asks why/how

• says name + age when asked

• plurals/verbs/past tense

• easier to understand

2-3 years (24-30 mo.) speech/language milestones:

Cognition

_______ is the ability to acquire and use information to meet task and environmental demands through experiences, sense, and thought

• play is how skills are learned

nurturing, consistent

Children learn best with a ______ environment and secure attachment to a ______ caregiver

TRUE

T/F: we have to pair cognitive learning with motor learning to have the best outcomes

Sensorimotor, 0-2 yo.

what is Piaget’s 1st stage and age range

Preoperational, 2-7 yo.

what is Piaget’s 2nd stage and age range

Concrete Operational, 7-11 yo.

what is Piaget’s 3rd stage and age range

Formal Operational, 11+ yo.

what is Piaget’s 4th stage and age range

sequentially

Piaget’s theory of cognitive development: stages progress ______ and build on the prior stage

Scaffolding

______ allows children to get comfortable with playing before a new challenge is added/increased

• challenge point

reasoning

Psychosocial development is tied to development of _______, success with the stages of Erikson’s psychosocial development prepares for learning in various environments

go look at Erikson’s Stages of Psychosocial Development chart (slide 18/26) !!!!!

go look at Erikson’s Stages of Psychosocial Development chart (slide 18/26) !!!!!

emotional, regulation

the Attachment theory (Bowlby + Ainsworth) explains that attachment is important for _______ development and ______

secure, cogntiive

Children who develop _____ attachments to caregivers are in a better position to develop _____ skills

TRUE

T/F: Cognitive development begins through motor and sensory experiences and caregiver interactions via proprioception, tactile, and vestibular systems

follows caregiver’s face

1-2 mo. cognitive milestone:

• follows object in circle

• looks at toys and hands

• reaches for faces

3 mo. cognitive milestones:

• interacts with toys

• object permanence — parent leaves room

6 mo. cognitive milestones:

• search for hidden objects

• peek-a-boo

9 mo. cognitive milestones:

• points

• first words

• finds toys in containers

12 mo. cognitive milestones:

• turns pages

• uses items in correct manner

• stacks 2 blocks

15 mo. cognitive milestones:

copies caregiver’s routines

18 mo. cognitive milestone:

• plays with 2+ at same time

• pretend play

2 yo. cognitive milestones:

cries to show feelings

1 mo. S-E milestone:

spontaneous smiling

4 mo. S-E milestone:

knows familiar people

6 mo. S-E milestone:

• has preferences for people/toys

• enjoys simple games

12 mo. S-E milestones:

• imitates behaviors

• initiates play

• points to show things

18 mo. S-E milestones:

more independence

2 yo. S-E milestones:

• more range of feelings

• takes turns

• copies others

3 yo. S-E milestones:

• negotiates

• prefers playing with others

• likes and dislikes

4 yo. S-E milestones:

• agrees to rules

• wants to please

• demanding and cooperative behaviors

5 yo. S-E milestones:

• holds bottle with both hands

• uses cup with help

• plays with spoon

6-9 mo. Adaptive milestones:

• holds cup and sips with help

• finger feeding

• spoon to mouth

• takes off socks

• helps with dressing (takes off before putting on)

12-15 mo. Adaptive milestones:

scoops food and feeds self

15-18 mo. Adaptive milestones:

• drinks from cup w/out spills

• wants to feed self

• fork and spoon w/out spills

• picks up toys

• takes off shoe/socks/pants

2-3 yr. Adaptive milestones:

• independent eating

• help with fasteners

• takes off/puts on clothes

• understands safety

• gets snacks from kitchen

3-5 yr. Adaptive milestones: