Industrialization-Ap world (pt 1 study)

Middle Class (18th and 19th centuries)

Included land owners, bankers, factory owners, and merchants.

Working Class

Consisted of unspecialized laborers in the cities.

Enemies of the Working Class

Middle class and nobles.

John Stuart Mill

Philosopher who believed the best for society was what made the greatest number of people happy.

Utilitarianism

The philosophy that advocates for the greatest happiness for the greatest number.

Suffrage

The right to vote.

Classical Liberalism

Political era in the 1800s arguing for working-class men's voting rights and governmental participation.

Socialist Policies in Great Britain (1830s-1840s)

Mines Act, Factory Act, 10 Hour Act.

Socialist Policies in Germany (1880s)

Old age pensions, accident insurance, workers compensation.

Otto Von Bismarck

German chancellor who pushed for socialist changes.

Bourgeoisie

French term for the middle class.

Proletariat

French term for the working class.

Founders of Communism

Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels.

Das Kapital

The book written by Marx and Engels about communism.

Elimination of Class Struggles

Marx and Engels believed private property needed to be eliminated.

Class Struggles

Patrician vs plebeian, master vs slave, nobility vs peasants, middle class vs working class.

Steps to Achieve Communism

Proletarian revolution, socialism, communism.

Anarchism

Belief that all governments are oppressive and corrupt.

Mikhail Bakunin

Figure who helped shape anarchism.

Black Hand of Serbia

Group known for assassinations of government leaders in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

Gold Standard

Financial instrument requiring countries to print money based on gold reserves.

LLCs

Financial instrument that protects businesses from being sued.

Stock Market

19th century financial instrument allowing people to buy and sell shares of businesses.

Economic Imperialism

Practices involving companies like United Fruit and HSBC.

Single Export Economy

Economies that depend on one good sold to Western buyers.

Example Countries with Single Export Economy

Peru, USA, Argentina, Mexico, Brazil.

Resistance to Worker Negotiations

Homestead strike and Pullman strike.

Women's Suffrage Movement

Movement aimed at securing the right to vote for women.

Flora Tristan

Advocate for women's collective action akin to labor unions.

Mary Wollstonecraft

English writer critiquing Enlightenment ideals not granted to women.

Olympe de Gouges

French writer criticizing the hypocrisy of Enlightenment ideals regarding women.

Seneca Falls

Location of the first women’s suffrage meeting in 1848.

Declaration of Sentiments

Document outlining foundational views from the Seneca Falls meeting.

Transcontinental Businesses

Examples include Unilever and HSBC.