SAD Urinary: Canine & Feline Urological Terms Defined

Terminology:

Polyuria

increased volume

Terminology:

Pollakiuria

increased frequency of urination, not due to increased urine volume

Terminology:

Hematuria

RBCs in urine, gross or microscopic (> 5 RBCs/hpf

Terminology:

Stranguria

straining during urination

Terminology:

Dysuria

difficult urination

Terminology:

Periuria

urinating in abnormal or inappropriate locations

What is the gold standard method of collecting urine?

cyctocentesis

Terminology:

Crystalluria

Urine is supersaturated with the compounds that comprise the crystals

What is the most common crystal found in the urine of dogs and cats?

Struvite

What crystal will never be seen in dogs and cats?

Calcium carbonate

Feline idiopathic cystitis

- Also called ...

- Signs

- Tx

- FLUTD

- Signs: hematuria, dysuria, pollakiuria, periuria

- Tx: self-limiting, abx, urinary diet, reduce stress

Canine bacterial cystitis

- What is it?

- Signs

- Tx

- Ascending UTI from an immunocompromised animal

- Signs: Pollakiuria, polyuric, hematuria, dysuria, licking urethral area, cloudy urine, abnormal odor

- Tx: abx

Feline Uroliths

- What is it?

- How dangerous is it?

- Signs

- Tx

- Bladder stones which abrade tract lining and block ureters/urethra

- Can lead to death in 3-6 days

- Signs: Hematuria, dysuria, periuria, stranguria, V+, collapse, death

- Tx: rx diet, abx, Perineal urethrostomy +/- cystotomy

Feline Urethral Plug

- What is it?

- Signs

- Tx

- Amalgamation of mucoprotein, epithelial cells, RBCs,WBCs, spermatozoa, minerals

- Signs: vocalizing, spending time in/around litter box, stranguria, V+, dehydration, collapse, death

- Tx: sedate and flush, perineal urethrostomy

Canine Uroliths

- What is it?

- Signs

- Tx

- Stones

- Signs: hematuria, dysuria, pain, Hx cystitis

- Tx: urine acidifier, diet, abx, cystotomy

What is a stone in the kidney called?

renalith

Acute Kidney Injury

- What happens?

- Signs

- Sudden shutdown of nephrons (major kidney damage)

- Decrease in kidney filtration & urine output = buildup of toxins in bloodstream

- Signs: Anorexia, oral ulceration, uveitis, lethargy, v/d, ammonia breath, GI bleeding, painful abdomen, fever, oliguria, polyuria

Chronic Kidney Failure

- What happens?

- Signs

- Tx

- Loss of functional renal tissue due to a prolonged (≥2 months), usually progressive, process

- Signs: PU/PD, ammonia breath, wt loss, acute blindness, seizures, anemia

- Tx: supportive not surritive

Urinary Incontinence

- What is it?

- Bladder pressure greater than urethral closure pressure = incontinence

- Leakage of urine from bladder/urethra

Transitional Cell Carcinoma

- What is it?

- How common is it?

- Signs

- Cancer in old female dogs

- 70% of bladder tumors are TCC

- Signs: Hematuria, dysuria, chronic UTI

Bladder Rupture

- What are some causes? (5)

1. Blunt trauma

2. Penetrating abdominal trauma

3. Palpating obstructed bladder

4. Rupture/laceration during cystocentesis

5. Bladder cancer

Pyelonephritis

- What is it?

- Signs

- Dx

- Tx

- Infection characterized by inflammation of kidney/renal pelvis

- Bacterial infection

- Signs: Fever, back or flank pain, lethargy, V, PU/PD, Azotemia, leukocytosis, anemia, hematuria, proteinuria

- Dx: U/S shows abnormal kidney sizes

- Tx: abx or nephrectomy

Ethylene Glycol Poisoning

- What happens?

- Signs

- How dangerous is it?

- Tx

- ingestions = formation of oxalate crystals = acute tubular necrosis

- Signs: V+, metabolic acidosis, dyspnea, hypoperfusion, altered consciousness

- Peaks within 1-4 hr of ingestion, acute renal failure in 12-24 hr cats and 36-72 hr dogs

- Tx: pure grain alcohol, dialysis

What crystals are Dalmatians prone to forming?

Urates