MODULE 8

These are organisms that are able to grow and multiply in the absence of oxygen

These are organisms that are able to grow and multiply in the absence of oxygen

Anaerobic bacteria

How much oxygen is required for obligate aerobes?

21% oxygen

These are fungus like bacteria

Actinomyces species

These are bacteria requiring high amount of CO2 for growth

Capnophilic

These are anaerobic bacteria able to survive short exposure of CO2

A. Aerotolerant anaerobes

B. Moderate anaerobes

C. Microaerophilic

D. Capnophilic

A and B

These are the primary agent of actinomycosis

Actinomyces species

All of the following shows the characteristics of actinomycosis, EXCEPT?

A. Granulomatous

B. Acute

C. Pus with sulfur granules

D. NOTA

E. AOTA

B

The actinomyces of the jaw (mandible)

Lumpy jaw

This type of actinomycosis is the primary site of infection as they are the normal flora of the oral cavity

Lumpy jaw

This is the infection of the female genital tract associated with prolonged use of intrauterine devices

Pelvic actinomycosis

What is the most common agent of Actinomycosis

Actinomyces israelii

What colonies does actinomyces show?

Molar tooth colonies

Under the microscope, these bacteria shows branching, beaded, thin, filamentous rods

Actinomyces species

Bifidobacterium species is the normal flora of?

Mouth and Respiratory tract

Under the microscope, this bacteria shows highly pleomorphic with branching ends

Bifidobacterium species

End of cells of Bifidobacterium species shows what appearance?

Pointed, bent, club-shaped, spatulated, bifid, bifurcated

A bacteria wherein their cells shows star-like aggregates

Bifidobacterium species

Cells of Bifidobacterium species resembles what?

Bone-shaped dog biscuit

Eubacterium species is a normal flora of?

A. Mouth

B. Oral Cavity

C. Respiratory tract

D. A and C

E. NOTA

A

This is a rare agent of female genital tract infection

Eubacterium species

These are gram positive bacteria that resemble seagull wing

Eubacterium alacolyticum

This bacteria is also known as anaerobic diphtheroids

Propionibacterium species

What does anaerobic diphtheroids produce as a major end product of glucose metabolism?

Propionic acid

Which gram positive anaerobic rods is a normal flora of the skin?

Propionibacterium species

If propionibacterium species are seen microscopically, what appearance do they show?

Club-shaped, palisade, picket-fence, log-jam arrangement

Cutibacterium acnes is a frequent contaminant of what specimen?

Blood culture specimen

Propionibacterium propionicus is an agent of?

Actinomycosis

What test is used to differentiate P. acnes from other Propionibacterium species

Spot Indole Test

What is the reagent used for Spot Indole Test?

Kovacs reagent

What Propionibacterium species shows positive reaction in Spot Indole Test

Propionibacterium acnes

What is the positive reaction for Spot Indole Test?

Blue

Which of the following is bile tolerant

A. Bacteroides fragilis

B. Prevotella species

C. Porphyromonas species

D. B and C

E. NOTA

A

What is the most commonly isolated anaerobes?

Bacteroides fragilis

Bacteroides fragilis is a normal flora of the ___

Colon

Which shows a positive reaction in Bacteroides fragilis?

Catalase, Lipase, Bile Esculin

Which shows a negative reaction in Bacteroides fragilis?

Lecithinase, Gelatinase

Which bacteria is resistant to KCV?

Bacteroides fragilis

Bacteroides fragilis is extremely virulent as this can cause?

Intra abdominal abscess

Which bacteria resembles safety pin appearance microscopically

Bacteroides fragilis

Bacteroides fragilis shows black colonies in what media?

Bacteroides Bile Esculin Agar/Media

In Bacteroides fragilis, what is needed for growth in plated media

A. Formate

B. Fumarate

C. Both

D. Neither

D

Which bacteria can cause corrosion of plated media

Bacteroides urealyticus

Which of the following is bile sensitive

A. Bacteroides fragilis

B. Prevotella species

C. Porphyromonas species

D. B and C

E. NOTA

D

Prevotella species and Porphyromonas species produces

A. Brick red color under UV light

B. Red color under UV light

C. Red fluorescence under UV light

D. Weak red fluorescence under UV light

E. NOTA

E

What is used to differentiate Prevotella species from Porphyromonas species?

Vancomycin Susceptibility

Identify which of the bacteria is susceptible and resistant to vancomycin

A. Prevotella species:

B. Porphyromonas species:

A - resistant, B - susceptible

Microscopically, this bacteria is long, thin, tapered rods

Fusobacterium species

What are the shape of Fusobacterium species?

Fusiform/Spindle shaped

Fusobacterium species is a normal flora of?

Upper respiratory, gastrointestinal, and urinary tracts

A Fusobacterium species that is most frequently isolated

Fusobacterium nucleatum

Colonies of Fusobacterium nucleatum resembles?

Breadcrumbs/coarse granules

This bacteria may also resemble colonies with ground glass appearance/kosher salt grains

Fusobacterium nucleatum

Fusobacterium nucleatum shows ____ color agar when exposed to air

Greenish

This disease is the hardening of the jugular vein which is a bacterial infection of the throat

Lemierre syndrome

An anaerobic organism which causes trench mouth

A. Borrelia vincentii

B. Fusobacterium necrophorum

C. Fusobacterium necleatum

D. A and B

E. NOTA

B

Which bacteria causes lemierre syndrome and trench mouth

Fusobacterium necrophorum

Fusiform rods with one pointed end and one blunt end

Leptotrichia species

Colonies of Leptotrichia species

Raspberry like colonies

This is a normal flora of mouth, upper respiratory tract, female urinary tract, bowel and skin

Peptostreptococcus species

Which bacteria shows large colonies with sweet fetid odor?

Peptostreptococcus anaerobius

The only gram positive anaerobic cocci that is susceptible to SPS

Peptostreptococcus anaerobius

Which shows a positive reaction in Peptostreptococcus anaerobius?

Catalase and Indole

These are small, yellow colonies with musty odor

Peptoniphilus asaccharolytic

Gram positive anaerobic cocci that is catalase negative but indole positive

Peptoniphilus asaccharolytic

These are small, grayish white colonies

Peptostreptococcus magnus

What are the gram positive anaerobic cocci that are resistant to SPS?

Peptoniphilus asaccharolytic and Peptostreptococcus magnus

Which shows a positive reaction in Peptostreptococcus magnus?

A. Catalase

B. Indole

C. Both

D. Neither

D

Viellonella species is a normal flora of the?

Oral cavity

A bacteria that is associated with infections following dog surgery

Viellonella species

Viellonella species produces

A. Brick red color under UV light

B. Red color under UV light

C. Red fluorescence under UV light

D. Weak red fluorescence under UV light

E. NOTA

D

Fluorescence of Viellonella usually fades after exposure to ___ for about ____ minutes

air; 5-10 minutes

This is the best way of collecting sample for anaerobic culture

Aspiration

This is the least preferred specimen for anaerobic culture

Swab

Anaerobic culture media contains what?

Hemin, Blood, Vitamin K, Sodium Bicarbonate

Non-selective media for anaerobes and facultative anaerobes

Anaerobic Blood Agar (ABA)

Selective and differential for Bacteroides fragilis group

Bacteroides Bile Esculin (BBE) Agar

This is selective for the isolation of Prevotella and Bacteroides species

Laked Kanamycin-Vancomycin Blood Agar

Selective for inhibition of enteric-gram negative rods and swarming by some Clostridia

Anaerobic PEA agar

Non-selective for determination of lecithinase and lipase production by Clostridia and Fusobacteria

Egg Yolk Agar

Selective for Clostridium difficile

Cycloserine Cefoxitin Fructose Agar

Non-selective cultivation of anaerobes

Cooked meat/chopped meat broth

Non-selective for cultivation of anaerobes, facultative anaerobes and strict aerobes

Thioglycollate broth

What is the anaerobic jar that ensures no bacteria will be exposed to oxygen?

Gaspak Jar

What is the catalyst of gaspak jar that drives off the oxygen

Palladium crystals/palladium pellets

Indicator in Anaerobic Jar

Resazurin or Methylene Blue

When there is an absence of oxygen in the anaerobic jar, what color is produced?

Colorless

If resazurin is used as an indicator for Gaspak Jar, what is the color produced in the presence of oxygen?

Red or pink

What is the common failure in anaerobic study?

Inactivation of catalyst due to repeated use

How would you reactivate catalyst of anaerobic jar?

Heat in dry heat oven for 2 hours at 160-170 degrees celsius

What method is anaerobic chamber or self-contained box

Glove Box Method

A plastic bag with an ampoule of weak HCl reacts with a gas generating tablet

Disposable Anaerobic Bags

When weak HCl reacts with gas generating tablet, it produces what?

Hydrogen and carbon dioxide gas

In Disposable Anaerobic bags, hydrogen reacting to oxygen will produce?

Water

Indicator that can be used in Disposable Anaerobic Bags

Resazurin

____ of broth can drive off oxygen

Boiling

This type of incubation is not used for anaerobic study as this is mainly used for growing capnophilic organisms

Candle jar

All are macroscopic examination of specimens for anaerobic bacteria except for?

A. Foul odor

B. Normal flora

C. Sulfur granules

D. Pleomorphic

E. Fluorescence under UV light

B and D

Foul odor is evident on anaerobes because they produce volatile and non-volatile ____ during ____

Fatty acids; metabolism

These characteristics is associated with actinomyces, propionibacterium, and eubacterium

Sulfur granules

What bacteria shows brick red fluorescence under UV light

A. Prevotella species

B. Veillonella

C. Porphyromonas

D. C. ramosum

E. A and C

F. B and D

E