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Aggregates
Granular material used in concrete, asphalt, and mortar.
Sand
Type of aggregate < 4.75 mm in size.
Stone or gravel
Type of aggregate > 4.75 mm in size.
Significance of Aggregates
Impact on strength, workability, cost, stability, and environmental footprint.
Natural Sources of Aggregates
Include gravel pits, river run deposits, and rock quarries.
Manufactured Aggregate
Includes blast furnace slag, steel furnace slag, fly ash, and furnace bottom ash.
Recycled Aggregate
Materials recovered and reprocessed from previous construction or demolition activities.
Benefits of Recycled Aggregates
Waste reduction, resource conservation, cost savings, reduced carbon footprint, tax incentives.
Common Applications of Aggregates
Concrete production, road construction, landscaping, structural use, etc.
Production Process - Sourcing
Involves collecting construction and demolition waste.
Production Process - Recycling Facility
Includes crushers, vibrating screens, magnetic separators, and water floating machines.
Recycled Aggregate in Normal Concrete
Usage limited or prohibited, up to 50% natural aggregate in SA.
Recycled Aggregate in Bricks and Blocks
Features low strength, cost-effectiveness, and reduced cement and water usage.
Limitations and Challenges
Include variability, inconsistent quality, slow acceptance, perception issues, regulatory hurdles, and lack of standards.