The Neck - Viscera

Pharynx

A wide muscular tube, flattened anteroposteriorly, extending from the base of the skull to the level of the 6th cervical vertebra.

Pharynx

It is a common area for food and air passages.

Pharynx

Lies behind the nasal cavities, oral cavity, and larynx.

Bucco-pharyngeal Fascia/Areolar Coat - Pharyngeal Muscles/Muscular Coat - Pharyngo-basilar Fascia/Submucosa - Mucosa

What are the 4 layers of the pharyngeal wall?

Bucco-pharyngeal Fascia/Areolar Coat

A thin layer of fibrous tissue, derived from the pretracheal layer of the deep cervical fascia.

Bucco-pharyngeal Fascia/Areolar Coat

Lines the muscles on the posterior and lateral aspects of the pharynx; extends from the base of the skull to the esophagus.

Semicircular Constrictor - Longitudinal

What are the 2 groups of pharyngeal muscles?

Superior - Middle - Inferior

What are the 3 constrictor muscles?

Stylopharyngeus - Palatopharyngeus

What are the 2 longitudinal muscles?

Pharyngo-basilar Fascia/Submucosa

Anchors the pharynx to the base of the skull, to the pharyngo-tympanic tube, and to the margins of the apertures of the posterior nares.

Pharyngo-basilar Fascia/Submucosa

Layer that contains numerous pharyngeal glands and lymph nodes.

Mucous Coat

Lined by ciliated epithelium in the upper part and stratified squamous epithelium in the lower part.

Oropharynx - Nasopharynx - Laryngopharnx

What are the 3 divisions of the pharynx?

Nasopharynx

Is the superior portion of the pharynx lying above the soft palate and communicates with the nasal cavity anteriorly through the choanae.

Oropharynx

Lies below the soft palate and communicates anteriorly with the oral cavity.

Oropharynx

Located behind the palatine arches, between the soft palate and the level of the hyoid.

Laryngopharynx

Located from the level of the hyoid bone to the level of the cricoid cartilage where it becomes continues with the esophagus.

Larynx

AN AIR PASSAGE, A SPHINCTERIC DEVICE AND AN ORGAN OF PHONATION, EXTENDS FROM THE TONGUE TO THE TRACHEA.

Epiglottis - Thyroid - Cricoid

What are the 3 unpaired cartilage of the larynx?

Arytenoid - Corniculate - Cuneiform

What are the 3 paired cartilage of the larynx?

Extrinsic - Intrinsic

What are the 2 muscles of the larynx?

Extrinsic Muscles

Muscles of remote origin but insert into the larynx and hyoid bone.

Extrinsic Muscles

Moves the larynx up and down.

Extrinsic Muscles

Includes all the suprahyoid, infrahyoid, and longitudinal pharyngeal muscles.

Intrinsic Muscles

Originate and insert into the larynx.

Intrinsic Muscles

Moves one laryngeal cartilage in relation to another.

Vestibule/Supraepiglottic - Middle Compartment/Sinus/Ventricle - Lower Compartment/Infraepiglottic

What are the 3 divisions of the larynx?

Vestibule/Supraepiglottic

Extends from the laryngeal inlet to the vestibular folds.

Middle Compartment/Sinus/Ventricle

Smallest compartment from the vestibular folds to the vocal folds.

Lower Compartment/Infraepiglottic

Extends from the rima glottidis to the trachea.

Trachea

A wide tube kept patent by the presence of incomplete cartilagenous rings.

Trachea

Extends from the larynx at the 6th cervical vertebra down to the level of the 4th or 5th thoracic vertebra.

Esophagus

A muscular tube about 25 cm (10 in) long, connecting the pharynx to the stomach.

Esophagus

It begins in the neck, level with the lower border of the cricoid cartilage and the sixth cervical vertebra.

Thyroid Gland

Is placed anteriorly in the lower neck, level with the fifth cervical to the first thoracic vertebrae.

Thyroid Gland

Ensheathed by the pretracheal layer of deep cervical fascia.

Thyroid Gland

It has right and left lobes connected by a narrow, median isthmus.

Parathyroid Gland

Are small, yellowish-brown, ovoid or lentiform structures, usually lying between the posterior lobar borders of the thyroid gland and its capsule.

Parathyroid Gland

They are commonly about 6 mm long, 3–4 mm across, and 1–2 mm from back to front, each weighing about 50 mg.

Two

How many parathyroid glands are there on each side, superior and inferior?