CNF FINALS L1

PLOT

- A SEQUENCE OF EVENTS that has "a BEGINNING, a MIDDLE, and an END"

- It GIVES SHAVE TO THE DIFFERENT PARTS OF STORY just like the framing of a house or the skeleton of the body.

EXPOSITION

- The writer INTRODUCES THE CHARACTERS, SITUATION, and usually the TIME AND PLACE of the narrative.

RISING ACTION

- It is an event or situation or circumstances that SHAKES UP A STABLE SITUATION.

CLIMAX

- It is the point of MAXIMUM TENSION or the TURNING POINT in the narrative where the conflict reaches its peak. It is the MOST INTENSE MOMENT in the plot and often determines the outcome of the main conflict.

FALLING ACTION

- The section of the plot following the climax, in which the TENSION FROM THE CENTRAL STORY CONFLICET DECREASES and the story moves toward its conclusion.

DENOUEMENT OR RESOLUTION

- The FINAL PART of the plot. It's like the end of the roller coaster ride, where you come to a stop and get off. In the resolution, loose ends are tied up, questions are answered, and the story comes to a satisfying conclusion.

CONFLICT

- A STRUGGLE between TWO OPPOSING FORCES.

EXTERNAL CONFLICT

- Arises between the CHARACTER and an OUTSIDE FORCE.

MAN VS. MAN

Involves stories where CHARACTERS ARE PITTED AGAINST EACH OTHER.

- Pirena vs. Amihan

- Batman vs. Superman

MAN VS. NATURE

It is an external struggle which positions the PROTAGONIST against an ANIMAL or FORCE OF NATURE.

- San Andreas

- 2012

MAN VS. SOCIETY

Involves stories where a MAN stands against a MAN-MADE INSTITUTION, such as the family, the church, universities, the government and the mass media.

- The Hunger Games

- The Maze Runner

MAN VS. SUPERNATURAL

A character struggles AGAINTS FORCES THAT ARE BEYOND THE NATURAL WORLD or normal human understanding. These _____ elements could include ghosts, monsters, or gods, magic.

MAN VS. TECHNOLOGY

The character faces challenges posed by machines, computers, or other TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATIONS that threaten their well-being, freedom, or humanity.

- Wall - E

- W: Two Worlds Apart

MAN VS. FATE

A character STRUGGLES AGAINST THE PREDETERMINED OF INEVITABLE COURSE OF EVENTS, often represented as fate, destiny, or a higher power controlling their lives.

- Squid Game

- Parasite

INTERNAL CONFLICT

- Arises WITHIN THE CHARACTER ITSELF.

MAN VS. SELF

A struggle that involves a CHARACTER TRYING TO OVERCOME HIS OWN NATURE or make a choice between two or more paths.

- It's Okay to Not Be Okay

- All the Bright Places

LOVE TRIANGLE

- A love story involving three people.

QUEST

- It is unified around a GROUP OF CHARACTERS ON A JOURNEY.

TRANSFORMATION

- A WEAK OR PHYSICALLY UNATTRACTIVE CHARACTER CHANGES.

INITIATION STORY

- The rite of passage or "COMING OF AGE" story.

WRITING THE DIALOGUE

- Your nonfictional essay may have that vibe of fictional works like a short story or novel.

- This is accomplished by writing a dialogue, a literary technique in which two or more characters are having a conversation with each other.

DIALOGUE

- It is an EXCHANGE OF CONVERSATION between two or more characters.

- It includes both DIRECT QUOTATIONS and NONVERBAL TEXTS.

- Make sure that you are familiar with the rules on how to punctuate a dialogue.

o Period (.)

o Comma (,)

o Question mark (?)

o Exclamation point (!)

o Ellipsis (...)

o Quotation/talking marks (" ")

POETIC LICENSE

- The FREEDOM to depart from the facts of a matter or FROM CONVENTIONAL RULES OF LANGUAGE when speaking or writing in order to create an effect.

CODE SWITCHING

- The practice of MOVING BACK AND FORTH BETWEEN TWO LANGUAGES or between two dialects or registers of the same language.

CHARACTERIZATION

- It will help you see HOW YOUR CHARACTERS WILL INTERACT WITH EACH OTHER, and as such, where the story will lead you.

- Some writers outline their characters' physical traits, beliefs, notions, speech, behavior, etc. Having a clear view of your characters will make it easier for you to compose the dialogue.

- There are two different ways to build characterization. These are the following:

DIRECT OR EXPLICIT CHARACTERIZATION

- It is when you ITEMIZE OR BREAK DOWN the personality and traits of your character.

- Example:

o Katniss knows how to hunt.

INDIRECT OR IMPLICIT CHARACTERIZATION

- It is when you reveal the personality and traits of your character THROUGH HIS OR HER THOUGHTS, WORDS, OR ACTIONS.

- Example:

o Katniss went to the wilderness with her bow and arrow to be able to feed her family. Few moments later, she came home with a deer.

NARRATIVES

- ARISTOTLE once said, "A tragedy is impossible without plot, but there may be one without character." Because of this rift, two major theories emerged:

PLOT DRIVEN NARRATIVE/STORIES

- _____ are often EXCITING AND FAST PACED. They compel the reader to turn the page to find out how the characters will escape, evade, prevail, or overcome.

- As an author of a ________, you have to METICULOUSLY TIE TOGETHER PLOT PINTS to create a COHESIVE STORY. You naturally focus on ideas instead of people and their motivations.

- In your story, you FORCE YOUR CHARACTERS TO MAKE QUICK DECISIONS that move the plot forwards. As a result, CHARACTER DEVELOPMENT IS SECONDARY TO PLOT DEVELOPMENT.

- Examples:

o San Andreas

o 2012

CHARACTER-DRIVEN NARRATIVE/STORIES

- A _____ is one FOCUSED ON STUDYING THE CHARACTERS that make up your story.

- _________ can deal with INNER TRANSFORMATION or the RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CHARACTERS. Whereas plot-driven stories focus on a set of choices that a character must make, a _______ focuses on how the character arrives at a particular choice.

- When you zoom into the internal conflicts, you tend to focus less on the external conflicts. The plot in a ______ is usually simple and often hyper-focused on the internal or interpersonal struggle of the character(s). In a _______ , the plot is used to develop the character.

- Many readers love ______ because the author tends to put a premium on developing realistic, flawed, and human characters. Readers can see themselves or someone they love in these characters and, as a result, connect emotionally.

- Examples:

o Hometown Cha-Cha-Cha

o Avatar: The Last Airbender

CONFLICT, CHARACTERIZATION, AND MIMESIS

- Instead of plots, some critics, like DR. NICANOR TIONGSON, say that _____ and _____ are the two most important elements in writing narratives. Aside from these two, ______ is another component that completes the PERFECT FORMULA WHEN WRITING NARRATIVE.

MIMESIS

o an IMITATIVE REPRESENTATION OF THE REAL WORLD in arts and literature.