Lord Help Me Ace this Biology Exam

What is the approximate atomic mass of an atom that has 16 neutrons 15 protons and 15 electrons

31 daltons

What is the difference between covalent and ionic bonds

sharing versus electrostatic attraction

what is the best explanation for why hydrogen sulfide is a stable compound

all of its atoms have filled outermost electron shells

with a single molecule of water each of the two hydrogen atoms is bonded to the single oxygen atom by

polar covalent bonds

The partial negative charge at one end of one water molecule is attracted to the partial positive charge of a neighboring water molecule what is this attraction called

hydrogen bond

hydrophobic substances such as vegetable oil are

nonpolar substances that cannot hydrogen bond with water molecules

a compound contains many hydroxyl groups which is most likely true for this compound

it should dissolve in water

how many pairs of electrons does carbon share in order to complete its outermost shell

4

a carbon atom is most likely to form what kind of bon with other atoms

covalent

What kind of reactwill you use to join two monomers together to form a dimer

condensation dehydration reaction

will water be consumed or released when you join two monomers together to form a dimer

water will be released

The peptide bond between two amino acids is

covalent

what contains nitrogen carbon oxygen and hydrogen

amino acid

What is true for both starch and cellulose

both polymers of glucose

Is glucose a polymer

no

A molecule C18H36O18 is probably

carbohydrate

the breaking apart of a dipeptide to form two amino acids require

the addition of a water molecule

condensation dehydration reactions are used in forming

polysaccharides

What is a way that membranes of winter wheat are able to remain fluid when it is extremely cold

by increasing the number of unsaturated phospholipids in the membrane

most enzymes are

proteins

which type of cells conduct photosynthesis

plants some protists some bacteria

contains a nucleus

eukaryote

contain multiple linear chromosomes

eukaryote

contain single circular chromosomes

prokaryote eukaryote

all of the following are part of a prokaryotic cell except

mitochondria

in eukaryotic cells organelles other than the nucleus that contain dna include

mitochondria and chloroplasts

a cell has the following molecules and structures: enzymes dna ribosomes plasma membrane and mitochondria

plant or animal

lysosome

breakdown of ingested substances cell macromolecules and damaged organelles for recycling garbage disposal of the cell

smooth ER

synthesis of lipids metabolism of carbohydrates detoxification of drugs and poisons

rough er

aids in synthesis of secretory proteins add carbohydrates produces new membranes

What supports endosymbiotic theory of the orgin of mitochondria and chloroplasts

both organelles contain their own single circule chromosomes and prokaryotic like ribosomes and surround by a double membrane

True or false animal cells contain mitochondria but not chloroplasts while plant cells contain chloroplasts but not mitochondria

false

A student tries to cheat on a urine drug test and drinks a very large volume of water in a very short period of time what will be the most likely result of this action

Rbc will swell and possibly burst because plasma is less concentrated then rbcs

explain why camels can drink so much more water than humans without getting sick

strong cell cortex that prevents rbcs from bursting

what kinds of molecules diffuse across a cell membrane most easily

small and hydrophobic

The membrane is permeable to the solute which direction will the solute move by diffusion

higher to lower concentration of the solute

The membrane is NOT permeable to the solute which direction will the solute move by diffusion

lower to higher concentration of the solute

moving a solute across a membrane from a higher concentration to a lower concentration

releases energy

moving a solute across a membrane from a lower concentration to a higher concentration

costs energy

breaking a chemical bond

releases energy

forming a chemical bond

costs energy

can all of the energy is a peptide bond between two amino acids be converted to other chemical bonds

no

when NADP+ is converted to NADPH how many electrons and protons are need

2e 1H

does the conversion of NADP+ into NADPH cost or release energy

cost

Is it possible to have a reduction reaction without an oxidation reaction

no

are electrons conserved or can they come from nowhere and/or disappear into nowhere

conserved

in a reaction a+h to ah explain how molecule a is reduced

adding one electron and one proton to A

when mg becomes mg2+ is mg reduced or oxidized

oxidized

is the change in g of the reaction changed by the enzyme

no

what is the best equation to calculate the change in g

gproduct minus greactant

can the synthesis of the amino acid glutamine from glutamic acid +3.4 be successfully coupled to the hydrolysis of ATP -7.3? why or why not

no overall reaction would release energy increase the entropy

what kind of bonds stabilize enzyme substrate complex

noncovalent ionic hbond vdw hydrophobic

why does the product dissociate from the active site of the enzyme after the chemical reaction has converted the substrate into the product

the product not same shape as substrate can not be hold by bonds

what is not found in every kind of cell?

mitochondria

True or false: Only eukaryotic cells can do photosynthesis because they are the only cells that can contain chloroplasts.

false

prokaryotic or eukaryotic: protists

eukaryotes

prokaryotic or eukaryotic: animals

eukaryotes

prokaryotic or eukaryotic: plants

eukaryotes

prokaryotic or eukaryotic: archaea

prokaryotes

prokaryotic or eukaryotic: monera

prokaryotes

prokaryotic or eukaryotic: bacteria

prokaryotes

prokaryotic or eukaryotic: fungi

eukaryotes

What do some cells have in common with Frosted Flakes cereal?

they are both sugar-coated

Name one type of unicellular eukaryote

algae

True or false: Only eukaryotic cells contain ribosomes, which are membrane-bound organelles that perform protein synthesis. 

false

True or false: Only eukaryotic cells can do respiration because they are the only cells that can have mitochondria.

false

true or false: All prokaryotic cells are smaller than all eukaryotic cells

false

Besides phospholipids, what makes up approximately 50% of the weight of the plasma membrane?

proteins

Which of the following is NOT evidence that supports the endosymbiotic theory of the origin of mitochondria and chloroplasts?

Select one:

a. both have their own prokaryote-like ribosomes

b. both convert light energy into chemical energy in the form of ATP

c. both are surrounded by a double membrane

d. both have their own single, circular chromosome

both convert light energy into chemical energy in the form of ATP

Membrane-bound organelle with the function of: storage, water balance, cell growth

central vacuole of plants

Membrane-bound organelle with the function of: photosynthesis to sugar production

chloroplast

Membrane-bound organelle with the function of: makes some proteins and membranes, adds sugars

rough ER

Membrane-bound organelle with the function of: digests polymers back down into monomers, which are recycled

lysosome

Membrane-bound organelle with the function of: cellular respiration to ATP production

mitochondria

Membrane-bound organelle with the function of: houses chromosomes, which store genetic information

nucleus

Membrane-bound organelle with the function of: receives molecules from ER, modifies them, sorts them, sends to cellular places

golgi body

Membrane-bound organelle with the function of: synthesis of lipids, detoxification of drugs

smooth ER

What is THE defining difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

prokaryotes have no nucleus; eukaryotes have nuclei 

Cell

the basic unit of life

All living things are made of

cells

What four things are found in every kind of cell?

plasma membrane protoplasm cytoplasm cytosol chromosome ribosomes

protoplasm

plasma membrane and everything inside whole living part of cell

cytoplasm

everything inside plasma membrane except nucleus

cytosol

everything inside plasma membrane except membrane bound organelles

chromosomes

made from dna and proteins

ribsomes are

not membrane bound organelles

ribosomes are made from

rna and proteins

ribosomes do

protein synthesis

What is found in the plasma membrane in addition to phospholipids

proteins

Which type of cell has no nucleus?

prokaryotes

Which type of cell has nucleus?

eukaryotes

Which type of cell has multiple, linear chromosomes?

eukaryotes

Which type of cell Has a single, circular chromosome?

prokaryotes

Which type of cell reproduces by binary fission?

prokaryotes

Which type of cell reproduces by mitosis and meiosis?

eukaryotes

Which kind of cell is usually smaller and mostly found alone?

prokaryotic cells

Only unicellar organisms

prokaryotes

Multicellular and sometimes unicellar organisms

eukaryotes

Amoebas and yeast are examples of

unicellular eukaryotic cells

Which kind of cell contains no membrane-bound organelles?

prokaryotes