Language of Medicine Chapter Chapter 8

adnexa uteri

Fallopian tubes, ovaries, and supporting ligaments

amnion

Innermost membranous sac surrounding the developing fetus

areola

dark-pigmented area surrounding the breast nipple

Bartholin glands

Small mucus-secretting exocrine glands at the vaginal orifice (opening to outside of the body).

Cervix

Lower, neck-like portion of the uterus

Chorion

Outermost layer of the two membranes surrounding the embyro; it forms the fetal part of the placenta

Clitoris

Organ of sensitive erectile tissue anterior to the opening of the female urethra

Coitus

Sexual intercouse; copulation.

Corpus Luteum

Empty ovarian follicle that secretes progesterrone after release of the egg cell; literally means yellow (luteum) body (corpus)

Cul-de-sac

Region in the lower abdomen, midway between the rectum and the uterus

Embryo

Stage in prenatal development from 2 to 8 weeks

Endometrium

Inner, mucous membrane lining the uterus

Estrogen

Hormone produced by the ovaries; promotes female secondary sex characteristics

Fallopian tube

One of a pair of ducts through which the ovum travels to the uterus

Fertilization

Union of the sperm cell and ovum from which the embryo develops

Fetus

Stage in prenatal development from 8 to 39 or 40 weeks

Fimbriae

singular: fimbria

Finger- or fringe-like projections at the end of the fallopian tubes

Follicle- stimulating hormone (FSH)

Secreted by the pituitary gland to stimulate maturation of the egg cell (ovum)

Gamete

Male of female sexual reproductive cell; sperm cell or ovum

Genitalia

Reproductive organs; also called genitals

Gestation

Period from fertilization of the ovum to birth

Gonad

Female or male reproductive organ that produces sex cells and hormones; ovary or testis

Gynecology

Study of the female reproductive organs including the breasts

Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)

Hormone produced by the placenta to sustain pregnancy by stimulating (-tropin) the ovaries to produce estrogen and progesterone

Hymen

Mucous membrane partially or completelly covering the opening to the vagina

Labia

Lips of the vagina; labia majora are the larger, outermost lips, and labia minora are the smaller, innermost lips

Lactiferous Ducts

Tubes that carry milk within the breast

Luteinizing Hormone (LH)

Hormone produced by the pituitary gland; promotes ovulation

Mammary Papilla

Nipple of the breast. A papilla is any small nipple-shaped projection

Menarche

Beginning of the first menstrual period and ability to reproduce

Menopause

Gradual ending of menstruation

Menstruation

Monthly shedding of the uterine lining. The flow of blood and tissue normally discharged during menstruation is called the menses. Latin mensis means month

Myometrium

Muscle layer of the uterus

Neonatology

Branch of medicine that studies the disorders and care of the newborn (neonate)

Obstetrics

Branch of medicine concerned with pregnancy and childbirth

Orifice

An opening

Ovarian Follicle

Developing sac enclosing each ovum within the ovary. Only about 400 of these sacs mature in a woman's lifetime

Ovary

Once of a pair of female organs (gonads) on each side of the pelvis. Ovaries are almond-shaped, about the size of large walnuts, and produce egg cells (ova) and hormones

Ovulation

Release of the ovum from the ovary

Ovum

plural: ova

Mature egg cell (female gamete). Ova develop from immature egg cells called oocytes

Parturition

Act of giving birth

Perineum

In females, the area between the anus and the vagina

Pituitary Gland

Endocrine gland at the base of the brain. It produces hormones to stimulate the ovaries

Placenta

Vascular organ that develops in the uterine wall during pregnancy. It serves as a communication between maternal and fetal bloodstreams

Pregnancy

Condition in a female of having a developing embryo and fetus in her uterus for about 40 weeks

Progesterone

Hormone produced by the corpus luteum in the ovary and the placenta of pregnant women

Puberty

Point in the life cycle at which secondary sex characteristics appear and gametes are produced

Uterine Serosa

Outermost layer surrounding the uterus

Uterus

Hollow, pear-shaped muscular female organ in which the embryo and fetus develop, and from which menstruation occurs.. The upper portion is the fundus; the middle portion is the corpus; and the lowermost, neck-like portion is the cervix

Vagina

Muscular, mucosa-lined canal extending from the uterus to the exterior of the body

Vulva

External female genitalia; includes the labia, hymen, clitoris, and vaginal orifice

Zygote

Stage in prenatal development from fertilization and implantation to 2 weeks.

Amni/o

amnion

Cervic/o

cervix, nexk

Chori/o

Chorion/o

Chorion

Colp/o

Vagina

Culd/o

Cul-de-sac

Episi/o

Vulva

Galact/o

Milk

Gynec/o

Woman, female

Hyster/o

Uterus, womb

Lact/o

milk

Mamm/o

breast

Mast/o

breast

Men/o

menses,

menstruation

metr/o,

metri/o

uterus

my/o,

myom/o

muscle,

muscle tumor

nat/i

birth

obstetr/o

pregnancy and childbirth

o/o

egg

oophor/o

ovary

ov/o

egg

ovari/o

ovary

ovul/o

egg

perine/o

perineum

phor/o

to bear

salping/o

fallopian tubes

uter/o

uterus

vagin/o

vagina

vulv/o

vulva

amniocentesis

surgical puncture to remove fluid from the amnion

amniotic fluid

fluid that is contained within the amnionic sac

endocervicitis

inflammation of the inner lining of the cervix

chorionic

pertaining to the chorion

colposcopy

visual examination of the vagina

culdocentesis

surgical puncture of the cul-de-sac

episiotomy

incision of the vulva (perineum)

galactorrhea

dishcharge of milk (abnormal amount)

gynecomastia

condition of female breasts (enlarged) in a male

hysterectomy

removal of the uterus

hysteroscopy

visual examination of the uterus

lactation

secretion of milk

mammary

pertaining to the breast

mammoplasty

surgical repair of the breast

mastitis

inflammation of the breast

mastectomy

removal of the breast

amenorrhea

no menstrual flow

dysmenorrhea

pain during menstruation

oligomenorrhea

scanty menstrual flow

menorrhagia

excessive dishcarge of blood during menstruation