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magnetic flux is _____ on each side of a magnetic circuit
the same
when does maximum transformer efficiency occur?
when Pcore = Pcu
what are the equations for Pcore and Pcu in a transformer?
Pcore = V1²/Rc | Pcu = Ip² Req
what is the equation for transformer input voltage?
V1 + Zeq*Ip(angle theta)
How is Pconv related to Pout and Prot in an induction motor?
Pconv = Pout + Prot
what are 2 ways of finding Pconv in a DC machine?
Pconv = EaIa = tind*wm
how are Istart and Pin calculated in a DC machine?
Istart = Vt/Ra1 | Pin = Vt * IL
how is the internal voltage of a synchronous machine calculated?
Vphase + (jXs + Ra)*Ia
what is the peak of a sin AC waveform?
sqrt(2) * Vrms
what are the steps for graphing SCR and load voltage?
first draw sin waveform, SCR voltage is 0 in the positive sections (except firing angle), load voltage is the opposite of SCR
for a wound rotor induction motor:
how is line current IL calculated?
Vphi/(R1 +jX1 + RF +jXF)
for a wound rotor induction motor:
how is RF + jXF calculated?
1/((1/jXm) + (1/(R2 + R2((1-s)/s) + X2)))
for a wound rotor induction motor:
how is rotor power factor calculated?
arctan(X2/(R2/s))
for a wound rotor induction motor:
how are stator copper losses (PSCL) calculated?
3Ia²*R1
for a wound rotor induction motor:
how is air gap power (PAG) calculated?
3Ia²*Rf
for a wound rotor induction motor:
how is power converted (Pconv) calculated?
(1-s)Pag
for a wound rotor induction motor:
how is output power calculated?
Pout = Pconv - Pmech - Pcore - Pmisc
for a wound rotor induction motor:
how is input power (Pin) calculated?
3Vphi*Ia*cos(theta)
for a wound rotor induction motor:
what is the difference between starting conditions, and non-starting conditions?
for starting conditions, remove the R2((1-s)/s) resistor
for a DC machine:
how is armature current found at full load?
Ia = IL - If
for a DC machine:
what is another way of expressing If ?
Vt/(Radj + Rf)
for a DC machine:
how can EA be expressed?
Vt - IaRa
for a DC machine:
what does no load imply about VA and EA
they are equal
for synchronous machines:
how is Zbase calculated?
(3*Vphi(base))²/S(base)
for a synchronous machine:
how are IA and IL calculated?
S/(sqrt(3)*Vt)
for a synchronous machine:
how is Pout calculated when there are no losses?
s*S
for a full-wave rectifier:
How is ID, av calculated?
VL(max)/(pi*RL)
for a full-wave rectifier:
what is Imax, D equal to?
the maximum load current
for a full-wave rectifier:
How is Irms, D calculated?
VL(max)/2RL
When a magnetic circuit has 3 legs, how can the flux in each leg be found?
the flux in the leg with the winding it the total flux
the other 2 are found with the flux divider rule
for an induction motor:
how is nslip calculated?
s*nsync
for a DC machine:
_______ speed occurs at maximum VA and Radj
maximum
for a DC machine:
_______ speed occurs at minimum VA and Radj
minimum
synchronous machine poles must be ____
even
for a transformer:
how is the kVA rating calculated?
(Nse + Nc)/Nse * S
how can a delta load be converted to Y?
divide it by 3
for a transformer:
how is primary voltage referred to the secondary side (Vp’) calculated?
Vs + (Req + jXeq) * Is
for a transformer:
how is Pcu calcuted?
(Is)² * Req
for a transformer:
how is Pcore calculated?
(Vp’)²/Rc
for a synchronous machine:
how is the full-load power calculated?
s * S
for a synchronous machine:
what angle does maximum possible power occur?
90 degrees
for a transformer:
how is maximum current calculated?
S/V
for a synchronous machine:
how is Pin calculated when losses are known?
Pout + Pcu + Pf&w + Pcore + Pstray
for a synchronous machine:
how is Pcu calculated
3 * Ia² * Ra