Chapter 9: Movements and Articulations

A collection of vocabulary flashcards summarizing key terms and definitions related to movements and articulations of the body, focusing on joints and their classifications.

Flexion

A movement that decreases the angle between two articulating bones.

Extension

A movement that increases the angle between two articulating bones.

Hyperextension

An extension movement beyond the standard anatomical position.

Abduction

Movement away from the midline of the body.

Adduction

Movement toward the midline of the body.

Circumduction

A circular movement that combines flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction.

Rotation

Movement around an axis, such as turning the head.

Medial Rotation

Rotation of a limb toward the midline of the body.

Lateral Rotation

Rotation of a limb away from the midline of the body.

Pronation

Rotation of the forearm where the palm turns down.

Supination

Rotation of the forearm where the palm turns up.

Protraction

Movement forward in the sagittal plane.

Retraction

Movement backward in the sagittal plane.

Elevation

Movement that raises a body part.

Depression

Movement that lowers a body part.

Dorsiflexion

Movement that elevates the foot toward the shin.

Plantar Flexion

Movement that points the toes downward.

Inversion

Turning the sole of the foot inward.

Eversion

Turning the sole of the foot outward.

Opposition

Movement of the thumb to touch the tips of the other fingers.

Synovial Joint

A joint characterized by a fluid-filled cavity allowing for free movement.

Fibrous Joint

A joint where bones are connected by fibrous tissue with limited movement.

Cartilaginous Joint

A joint where bones are connected by cartilage with limited movement.

Suture

A type of fibrous joint where skull bones are joined.

Gomphosis

A type of fibrous joint where teeth are anchored to their sockets.

Syndesmosis

A type of fibrous joint with bones connected by a sheet of fibrous tissue.

Synchondrosis

A cartilaginous joint where bones are united by hyaline cartilage.

Symphysis

A cartilaginous joint with a fibrocartilaginous pad between bones.

Plane Joint

A joint allowing sliding or gliding movements along flat surfaces.

Hinge Joint

A joint allowing movement in one plane, like bending and straightening.

Pivot Joint

A joint allowing rotation around a single axis.

Condylar Joint

A joint allowing movement in two planes.

Saddle Joint

A joint allowing two planes of movement, resembling a saddle.

Ball and Socket Joint

A joint allowing movement in multiple planes, as seen in the shoulder.