i'm FDRing it

Glass-Stegall Act

Created the FDIC and SEC - allowed public to regain trust in banks

Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC)

insured individual bank deposits; helped to restore trust in banks/political systems

Securites and Exchange Commision (SEC)

regulates stock market to prevent fraud, insider trading - has someone policing it

RFC (Reconstruction Finance Corporation)

the only thing hoover really did - loaned money to banks, railroads, large businesses to stablize economy

Hawley-Smoot

raised tariffs on foreign goods to protect US industries → ended up reducing international trade and worsening Depression

Emergency Banking Act

closed failing banks (“bank holiday”), only allowed financially stable banks to reopen - help restore confidence in banking system

Dust Bowl

Severe drought/poor farming practices in Great Plains - massive dust storms, crop failure, farmer displacement

Hoovervilles

shantytowns built by homeless people during Depression (named to blame Hoover for not doing anything)

Laissez-Faire

pre-Depression policies where the government doesn’t do shit

Bonus Army

1932 protest by WWI veterans demanding early payment of cash bonuses for their service - Hoover used military force to quell protest

100 Days

first 100 days of FDR’s presidency - immediately passed huge amount of legislation to combat depression

First New Deal

relief, reform, recovery for american people through various programs

Second New Deal

focused more on industries/reducing unemployment

Court Packing

FDR wanted to fill supreme court full of dumb idiots that say yes to everything (9 → 15)

Schechter v. US

SC case - struck down NIRA over breaking 10th Amendment (____ broke federal law, argued that it was state jurisdiction)

NIRA (National Industrial Recovery Act)

codes for wages, prices, working conditions - aimed to reduce competition (later ruled unconstitutional)

NRA (National Recovery Admin.)

enforced NIRA codes - businesses displayed blue eagle to show compliance

Wagner Act/National Labor Relations Act

protected worker right to unionize/bargain collectively - banned unfair labor practices

Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA)

paid farmers to reduce crop production to raise prices; helped landowners more than sharecroppers

Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)

government program, built dams in Tennessee Valley to provide electricity, flood control, and jobs

Federal Emergency Relief Admin. (FERA)

direct federal aid (money) to states → help unemployed/poor Americans

Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)

employed young men in conservation projects like trees/plants

Social Security Act

pensions for elderly, unemployment insurance, aid for disabled

Francis Townsend

proposed old-age pensions/influenced creation of Social Security

Huey Long

populist senator - proposed “Share Our Wealth” plan to redistribute wealth

Father Charles Coughlin

radio priest who supported FDR early and later turned against him - criticized banks/capitalism

conservative anti-FDR wealthy people

business leaders who opposed the new deal - argued that it was too socialist/interfered with free markets

Eleanor Roosevelt

FDR’s wife - advocate for civil rights, women, poor - helped influence New Deal policies

21st Amendment

Prohibition repealed, alcohol sales allowed again, government provided with tax revenue

m-m-m-minorites!!

• African Americans: Some economic relief, but discrimination continued; many programs excluded Black workers. Still, many shifted political loyalty to FDR.

• Mexican Americans: Faced deportations (“repatriation”), job loss, and discrimination.

• Native Americans: Benefited from the Indian Reorganization Act, which restored tribal governance.

• Women: Gained visibility through Eleanor Roosevelt, but often paid less and excluded from some jobs.