health education exam 1

Who is the first dental hygienist in 1913

Irene Newman

in 1965 the passing of title XVII and XIX of social security at created what?

medicare and medicaid

in 1973, the American Hospital Association created what?

Patient’s bill of rights

in 1976, what manual was created for hospitals?

Joint commissions accreditation manual for hospitals 

what is the time frame known as in the mid-1800s to the turn of the 20th century 

formative period 

what is patient-centered care

a type of care focused on reaching a shared understanding with patients

what are the 4 factors leading to education programs

diagnostic tools, scientific discoveries, new vaccines and antibiotic medications, effective surgery and treatment practices

What was the affordable care act of 2010

designed to provide cost-effective, accessible, high-quality health care to all americans with intent of improving their health outcomes 

what is deontological

the golden rule

what is teleological

greatest good for greatest number 

what are the 6 principles of ethics

autonomy, veracity, confidentiality, nonmaleficence, beneficence, justice

What is natural law

system of right or justice held to be common to all humans and derived from nature rather than from the rules of society

what is autonomy

respecting individuals right to make their own choices

what is non-maleficence

do no harm

what is beneficence

the obligation to act for the benefit of others and do good

what is justice

treating others fairly and equally, distributing resources

what is veracity

honestly and truthfulness

confidentiality 

maintaining the privacy and sensitive information of others from unauthorized disclosure 

what is cost-benefit

When institution realizes an economic gain resulting from educational program

what is cost recovery

when revenues are equal to or greater than ependitures

what is cost-benefit analysis

relationship between actual program costs and actual program benefits

what is cost-effectiveness analysis

comparison between 2 or more programs

used when a real monetary value cannot be assigned 

what did Cardozo Decision of 1914 lead to?

informed consent, right to self-determination 

what is information processing

2nd cognitive subtheory, helpful for assessing problems in acquiring, remembering, and recalling information

what is the goal of patient education

optimal health and independence in self care, decrease patient anxiety, ensures continuity of care 

what is the goal of staff education

help nurses/staff improve delivery of quality care

what are obstacles

factors that negatively impact the learner’s ability to pay attention & process information 

what are barriers 

Factors impeding one’s ability to deliver educational services

who was the founder of modern nursing

florence nightingale

what is gestalt

One of the oldest cognitive subtheories 

Based on assumption that each person perceives, interprets, & responds to any situation in their own way

what is systematic desensitization 

a type of exposure therapy that treats anxiety disorders and phobias by gradually exposing a person to their fears while teaching them relaxation techniques to replace fear responses with calm ones

What is stimulus generalization

the tendency of initial experiences to be easily applied to other
similar stimuli

what is discrimination learning 

With more and varied experiences, people learn to differentiate
among similar stimuli at which point discrimination learning is said to have occurred

what is spontaneous recovery

a response may recover and reappear at any time, especially when the stimulus
conditions are similar to those in the initial learning experience

what is respondent conditioning

a type of learning where an organism learns to associate a neutral stimulus with a stimulus that naturally elicits a response, eventually causing the neutral stimulus to elicit the same response on its own

what is operant conditioning 

a learning process where behaviors are strengthened or weakened by their consequences

what is cognitive learning theory

highly active process largely directed by individual

what is the 3rd cognitive subtheory

focuses on how age and stage of life can affect learning

what is jean piaget’s theory of cognitive learning

Describes cognitive development through 4 distinct stages, sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, formal operational 

what is vygotsky’s perspective

Cognitive developments emphasizes the role of social interaction and culture in learning 

what is the 4th cognitive subtheory (social learning theory)

A theory by Albert Bandura explaining that children learn in social environment’s by observing and imitating the behavior of others 

What is social constructivism (5th cognitive subtheory)

individuals formulate their own versions of reality and that effective learning occurs through social interaction, collaboration and negotiation 

what is social cognition (6th cognitive subtheory)

the mental processes involved in perceiving, interpreting, and responding to social information, including the thoughts, feelings, and behaviors of others

what is the psychodynamic learning theory

behavior may be conscious or unconscious and personality development occurs in stages

what are the 3 parts to personality in the psychodynamic learning theory

supergo, id, ego

what is superego

moral component that follows society rules and ideals, acts as a conscience

what is id

operates on pleasure principle, seeking instant gratification

what is ego

operates on reality principles, finding realistic and socially acceptable ways to satisfy id’s impulses

what is Erikson’s Psychosocial Stages 

describe how personality develops through eight distinct stages across the lifespan, each characterized by a specific psychosocial crisis that must be resolved

what is humanistic learning theory

emphasizes freedom and autonomy of learners

what is maslow’s hierarchy of needs

describes human motivation as a five-tier pyramid of needs, starting with basic physiological and safety needs at the bottom and progressing to higher-level needs for love and belonging, esteem, and finally self-actualization at the top. Indivduals must satisfy lower needs first before focusing on higher level needs

what is motor learning 

set of processes associated with practice or experience learning to relatively permanent changes in capability for movement

what is the assure model

analyze learner, state objectives, select or design material, utilize material, require learner response, evaluation

what are the 3 phases of motor learning

cognitive, associative, autonomous