Digital Photography 1

Adobe RGB

The Adobe RGB color space is an RGB color space developed by Adobe  Systems in 1998. It was designed to encompass most of the colors achievable on  CMYK color printers, but by using RGB primary colors on a device such as the  computer display. The Adobe RGB color space encompasses roughly 50% of the  visible colors specified by the Lab color space, improving upon the gamut of the  sRGB color space primarily in cyan-greens.³ 

Aperture:

the size of the temporary opening of the lens to control the amount of  light that reaches the film or image sensor on a camera. 

Bokeh:

the purposeful use of out-of-focus regions i.e., regions that lie outside of the  depth of field, within a photograph for aesthetic effect. 

Depth of Field:

the area within which the image will appear acceptably sharp.  Anything in front or behind it will appear to be blurry. 

Diffuser:

a device that scatters or spreads out light 

Diopter:

a dial to the right of the eyepiece of a DSLR that adjusts for near or far sighted vision and aids in focusing without affecting the focusing mechanism of the  lens⁷

DPI:

Printer resolutions are described in dots per inch. 

Dynamic Range:

the ability to capture an image with full tonal detail from bright  highlights to dark shadows.

Exposure Compensation:

a "sliding scale" found on most digital cameras, usually  indicated with a "plus/minus" sign and a sliding scale, usually ranging from -2.0 on  the left to +2.0 on the right. There will be an indicator on the scale that shows  where the exposure compensation adjustment is.⁸ 

Fill Light:

a light that supplements the key light without changing its character, used  especially to lighten shadows⁹ 

Focal Plane:

in digital photography, the plane intersected by the image sensor 

Histogram:

a graphical display of data using bars of different heights.¹³ An image  histogram is a graphical representation of the tonal distribution in an image. 

ISO:

In Digital Photography ISO measures the sensitivity of the image sensor. The  same principles apply as in film photography – the lower the number the less  sensitive your camera is to light and the finer the grain. Higher ISO settings are  generally used in darker situations to get faster shutter speeds (for example an  indoor sports event when you want to freeze the action in lower light) – however  the cost is noisier shots.¹⁴

JPEG:

(Joint Photographic Expert Group) file format with lossy compression used  for web or situations when minimum file size is the paramount concern.¹⁵

Natural Light

is light from the sun. 

Noise:

Image noise is random (not present in the object imaged) variation of  brightness or color information in images, and is usually an aspect of electronic  noise. It can be produced by the sensor and circuitry of a scanner or digital camera.  Image noise can also originate in film grain…. Image noise is an undesirable by product of image capture that adds spurious and extraneous information.¹⁹ 

Normal Lens:

In photography and cinematography a normal lens is a lens that  reproduces a field of view that generally looks "natural" to a human observer under  normal viewing conditions, as compared with lenses with longer or shorter focal  lengths which produce an expanded or contracted field of view that distorts the  perspective when viewed from a normal viewing distance.…For a 35 mm camera with a diagonal of 43 mm, the most commonly used normal lens is 50 mm, but focal  lengths between about 40 and 58 mm are also considered normal.²⁰ 

Open Shade:

Open shade is “shade that is in the shadows of large buildings, under  big trees or other area that still allows a large light source to illuminate your subject.  Benefits of open shade: No harsh highlights from the sun, no squinting, and an even  light source.”²¹

PPI:

computer display resolutions are described in pixels per inch. Prime

Prime lens:

a photographic lens with a fixed focal length (opposite of zoom)²² 

Purple Fringing:

Chromatic Aberration. In photography, and particularly in digital  photography, purple fringing (sometimes called PF) is the term for an out-of-focus purple or magenta "ghost" image on a photograph. This defect is generally most  visible as a coloring and lightening of dark edges adjacent to bright areas of broad spectrum illumination, such as daylight.²³

RAW:

a general term for the various formats used to store raw data recorded by the  sensor on a digital camera. Advantages are high-bit data, post-processing flexibility  and lack of lossy image compression.²⁴

sRGB:

a standard RGB color space created cooperatively by HP and Microsoft in  1996 for use on monitors, printers, and the Internet.²⁸ 

Telephoto Lens:

Any number larger than 50 is considered to be a telephoto lens 

TIFF:  

universally supported file format, saves layered files with non-lossy  compression.

Wide Angle Lens:

Any number smaller than 50 is considered to be a wide angle  lens

XMP:

Extensible Media Platform. An International Standards Organization standard  for the creation, processing and interchange of metadata³¹

Zoom Lens:

(in a camera or motion-picture projector) a lens assembly whose focal  length can be continuously adjusted to provide various degrees of magnification  without any loss of focus, thus combining the features of wide-angle, normal, and  telephoto lenses.³²

Prime lens

A photographic lens with a fixed focal length (opposite of zoom)2