Bio 205 Ch 19

What are three components of mast cell granules? How do these components contribute to the allergic response?

Heparin: stimulates bradykinin production which causes increased vascular permeability

Histamine: causes smooth muscle contraction, increases vascular permeability, increased mucus and tear formation

Serotonin: increased vascular permeability, vasodilation and smooth muscle contraction

Name and discuss for common types of type one hypersensitivity

Allergy induced asthma

Anaphylaxis

Hay fever

Gives (urticaria)

Name and discuss two types of type two hypersensitivity

Hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN): IgG from mother crosses placenta and targets rbc’s of baby

Hemolytic transfusion reactions (HTR): transfusion recipients IgG and IgM bind to antigen on transfused RBC’s, targeting donor RBC’s for destruction

Type AB + blood is the universal what and why

Universal receiver, no antibodies that will transfer a response

O- is the universal what and why

Donor, no other blood type has anti O antibodies

Explain what happens in type III hypersensitivity

Immune complexes between antibodies and and antigens form and interfere with function of tissues and organs.

Kidneys can be damaged

What type of skin reactions are categorized as type IV hypersensitivity explain immune process involved

Contact dermatitis, SJS, TENS

Initial exposure sensitizes and stimulates helper T cells leading to memory T cells that become reactive in future exposure.

Upon second exposure, mem. Helper T cells become reactive, producing inflamm. Cytokines that stimulate macrophages and cytotoxic T cells to induce an inflamm. Lesion at the exposed site until allergen is removed

Type 2 diabetes

Insulin is not effective and acting as key for letting sugar into cells (called insulin resistance) they take metformin

Name 5 organ specific autoimmune diseases, and indicate which organs are affected

Celiac disease - small intestine- gluten proteins

Graves’ disease - thyroid - hyperthyroidism

Hashimotos thyroid - hypothyroidism

Type I diabetes - pancreas - insulin

Addison disease - primary adrenal insufficiency

Name and describe 5 systemic autoimmune diseases

Multiple sclerosis- attacks myelin sheaths of nerves

Myasthenia gravis - muscle fibers don’t contract - autoimmune antibodies block receptors of acetylcholine on muscle cells resulting in paralysis

Psoriasis - cytokinine activation of keratinocytes causes rapid and excessive turnover of epidermal cells

Rheumatoid arthritis - autoantibodies to the tissues of the joints

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE): autoimmunity to pts own dna and proteins (butterfly rash)

Type 1 diabetes

Insulin producing beta-cells in pancreas are killed by immune system resulting in No insulin production. Pts must take insulin.

In myasthenia Gravis, autoantibodies block the receptors for _______ on muscle cells, resulting in paralysis

Acetylcholine

______ results from cytotoxic t-cell destruction of the myelin sheath surrounding nerve axons in the CNS

Multiple sclerosis

In ______, autoantibodies, immune complexes, complement, phagocytes and T cells damage membranes and bone in joints

rheumatoid arthritis

Describe the difference between a primary and secondary immunodeficiency. Name some common forms of both types

Primary - genetically based

Selective IgA deficiency, severe combined immunideficiency disease (SCID)

Secondary- acquired throughout life time resulting from poor nutrition or viral infection or chemotherapy

Viral infection(HIV), chemotherapy, malnutrition

Which of the following is the type of cell largely responsible for type one hypersensitivity responses?

Mast cell

Type one hypersensitivity require, which of the following initial priming events to occur?

Sensitization

Inflammatory molecules are released by mass cells and type one hypersensitivity type two hypersensitivity, however, characterized by which of the following?

Cell lysis (cytotoxicity)

In immune complex Is an aggregate of which of the following?

Antibody and antigen molecules

Which of the following induces a type three hypersensitivity?

Accumulation of immune complexes and tissues and small blood vessels

Which one of the following is not an example of a type IV hypersensitivity?

Hemolytic disease of the newborn

Which of the following is an example of an organ specific autoimmune disease?

Addison disease

Which of the following is an example of a Systemic autoimmune disease?

Multiple sclerosis

Which of the following is a genetic disease that result in lack of production of antibodies?

Agammaglobulinemia

Which of the following is a genetic disease that result in almost no adaptive immunity due to lack of B and or T cells

Severe combined immunodeficiency

Cancers results when a mutation leads to which of the following

Loss of cell cycle control

Donor and recipient are the same individual

Autographt

Donor is the same species as the recipient but genetically different

Allograft

Donor is a different species than the recipient

Xenograft

Donor is an identical twin of the recipient

Isograft

antibodies involved in type one hypersensitivities are of the _____ Class

IgE

Allergy shots work by shifting antibody response responses to produce_____Antibodies

IgG

A person who is blood type A would have IgM hemagglutinin antibodies against type ______ Red blood cells in their plasma

B

The itchy and blistering rash that develops with contact poison ivy is caused by a type___hypersensitivity reaction

IV

The thyroid stimulating Immunoglobulin that acts like thyroid, stimulating hormone and causes Graves’ disease disease is an antibody to the ______

Thyroid stimulating hormone receptor

For a transplant to have the best chances of avoiding rejection the gene coding for the____molecules should be closely matched between donor and recipient

MHC

Because it’s a transplant that can include APC’s and T cells from the donor, a bone marrow transplant may induce a very specific type of rejection known as:

Graft versus host disease

A____Cancer vaccine is one that stops the disease from occurring in the first place

Preventative