AP Human Geography - Vocab Quiz 2 Unit 2

For Mrs. Yi's class :)

Asylum

Protection granted by one country to an immigrant from another country who has a legitimate fear of harm or death if he/she returns.

Brain Drain

When migration out of a country is made up of many highly skilled people.

Chain Migration

When people settle in a new country, they often decide to locate in a city or community where others from their home country, family members, friends, or those from their culture group have previously settled.

Circulation/cyclic movement

Movement that has a closed route and is repeated annually and seasonally. Predictable and recurring patterns of movement that people experience.

Counter Migration

The return of migrants to the regions from which they earlier migrated.

Counter Urbanization

Flow of urban residents leaving cities.

Distance Decay

Effect of distance on cultural or spatial interactions. Interaction between 2 places decrease as the distance between them increases.

Emigration

When migrants are leaving the country.

Forced Migration

Migration that is involuntary, meaning migrants have no choice but to move.

Guest Workers

Transnational migrants who relocate to a new country to provide labor that isn’t available locally.

Immigration

When a person migrates across an international border with the intention of staying there permanently.

Internal Migration

Movement that occurs within a country.

International Migration

Movement of people across international borders to reside permanently or temporarily in a different country.

Interregional Migration

From one region in a country to another, often driven by factors such as economic opportunities.

Intraregional Migration

Movement of people within a specific region, characterized by changing residence from one area to another without crossing regional boundaries.

Intervening Obstacles

Barriers that make reaching their desired destination more difficult.

Intervening Opportunities

Encounter opportunities that disrupt their original migration plan. Ex: Migrant finding a job.

Migration

Permanent or semipermanent relocation of people from one place to another.

Mobility

General term of movements from one place to another.

Net Migration

Refers to the number of immigrants minus the number of emigrants.

Pull Factors

Positive conditions and circumstances that encourages people to move to that place.

Push Factors

Negative circumstances, events, or conditions present where they live that compels a person to leave.

Quotas (Quota Laws)

Numerical limits placed on the number of individuals allowed to enter the country, particularly concerning immigration.

Refugees

Migrants that flee quickly to stay alive and cannot bring many items with them. They cross international boundaries.

Suburbanization

Process by which people move from urban areas to non-urban areas such as the outskirts, resulting in a growth of residential communities.

Undocumented Immigrants

People who come seeking refuge or employment opportunities but do not have proper documentation.

Urbanization

Process of developing towns and cities. An ongoing process.

Voluntary Migration

Occurs when people choose to relocate. People migrate due to their own choices.

Xenophobia

A strong dislike of people of another culture.

Ravenstein’s Laws of Migration

Laws that explain migration tendencies, patterns, and demographics. Still used today.

Exurbanites

Someone who has left the inner city to live in the suburbs.

Remittance

Money sent to their families and friends in the country they left.

Center of Population

Average location of everyone in the country.

Internally Displaced Persons

Someone who has been forced to flee their home but never crosses an international border.

Geographic Center

Geometric center of the country’s irregular polygon.

Step Migration

Migration occurs in steps, migrants reach their eventual destination through a series of smaller movements.

Transhumance

Traditional migration of nomadic herders that move their livestock from high elevations in the summer to low elevations in the winter.

Wilbur Zelinsky

Geographer who saw a connection between migration patterns and the demographic transition model. Professor of geography at Pennsylvania State University.

Zelinsky’s Migration Transition

A model that claims that the type of migration that occurs within a country depends on how developed it is or what type of society it is. A connection is drawn from migration to the stages of within the Demographic Transition Model.

Stage 1

(What is the migration transition stage?) There are very high levels of mobility (nomadism) but very little migration. “Premodern traditional society”

Stage 2

(What is the migration transition stage?) During this stage, a “massive movement from countryside to cities” occurs. And internationally there is a high rate of emigration, although the total population number is still rising. “Early transitional society”

Stage 3

(What is the migration transition stage?) Corresponds to the “critical rung…of the mobility transition” where urban-to-urban migration surpasses the rural-to-urban migration, where rural-to-urban migration “continues but at waning absolute or relative rates.” “Late transitional society”

Stage 4

(What is the migration transition stage?) During this stage, the “movement from countryside to city continues but is further reduced in absolute and relative terms, vigorous movement of migrants from city to city and within individual urban agglomerations.. especially within a highly elaborated lattice of major and minor metropolises” is observed. A large increase of urban to suburban migration can also occur. “Advanced Society”

Cotton Belt

Term by which the American South used to be known, as cotton historically dominated the agricultural economy of the region, The same area is now known as the New South because people have migrated here from older cities in the industrial north for a better climate and new job opportunities.

Rust Belt

Northern Industrial States of the United States, including Illinois, Ohio, Michigan, and Pennsylvania, in which heavy industry was once the dominant economic activity. In the 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s, these states lost much of their economic base to economically attractive regions of the USA and to countries where labor was cheaper, leaving old machinery to rust in the moist northern climate.

Sun Belt

The Region of the USA mostly comprised of the southeastern and southwestern states, which has seen an increase in its population and economic prosperity since World War II. An increasingly attractive place to live for many people, leading to its rapid growth in recent decades.