Variations/Modifications of Respiratory Movement

What is eupnea?

Eupnea refers to normal, good breathing, which is the typical, relaxed respiratory rate.

What is dyspnea?

Dyspnea refers to painful or difficult breathing, often experienced during respiratory distress or certain medical conditions.

What is apnea?

Apnea is the absence of breath, meaning no breathing occurs for a period of time.

What is hyperpnea?

Hyperpnea is an increase in ventilation (breathing) to meet the increased metabolic demands of the body, such as during exercise.

What is hyperventilation?

Hyperventilation is an increase in the respiration rate that exceeds the body’s metabolic demands, leading to a decrease in carbon dioxide levels.

What is hypoventilation?

Hypoventilation is a decrease in the respiration rate that is insufficient to meet the body’s metabolic needs, leading to an increase in carbon dioxide levels.

What is coughing?

Coughing is a reflex triggered by the presence of a foreign substance or irritant in the airway, designed to clear the airway.

What is hiccupping?

Hiccupping is the result of spasms of the diaphragm and the rima glottides (the opening between the vocal cords), often caused by irritation.

What is the Valsalva maneuver?

The Valsalva maneuver involves increasing intrabdominal pressure by forcibly exhaling with a closed mouth and nose, often used to test heart function or clear the ears.

What is the purpose of pressurizing the middle ear?

Pressurizing the middle ear helps to equalize pressure across the eardrum, often done when there’s a change in altitude (e.g., during air travel) to prevent discomfort or damage.