Looks like no one added any tags here yet for you.
Doctrine of Ethos
The Belief that music affects character; Each mode has its own character
Tetrachord
Basic unit of pitches; four tetrafhords per scale
Genera
Types of chords: Diatonic; Chromatic; enharmonic
Characteristics of Greek Music
Music & Words are closely related; Sung text ideally w/ poetic versus
Tonos
The arrangements of notes into patterns similar to a scale or mode
The Judaic Heritage
Common elements are corporate prayer, the reading of scripture, and the chanting of hymns and canticles
Emperor Charlemagne
Began Uniting and implementing Church Reform; State was responsible for standardizing the way chants were performed
Pope Gregory
Creator of the Gregorian chant
Responsible for writing many united chants churches adopted
Founded Schola Cantorum
Martianus Capella
Collected, organized and modified Greek music theory and philosophy and transmitted it to the west
Seven Liberal Arts
Trivium and Quadrivium
Trivium
Language disiplines; grammar, rhetoric, and logic
Quadrivium
Mathematical disciplines; math, geometry, music, and astronomy
Boethius
Roman scholar who wrote about classifications of music; Musica Mundana, Musica Humana
Musica Mundana
Music of the Universe created by the movement of celestial objects
Music Humana
Music of the human body balanced between oneself and society
Musica Instrumentalis
Instrumental Music
Church Modes
8 Modes: Sources for melodic formulas (i.e. Final reoccurring pitch, range)
Authentic: Dorian, Phrygian, Lydian, Mixolydian
Plagal: Hypodorian, Hypophrygian, Hypolydian, Hypomixolydian
Guido of Arezzo
Developed music staff and notation; Created the Guidonian hand
Hexachords
Six-note pattern corresponding to the first six tones of the major scale
Solmization
Assigning a syllabic name to each tone of a scale
Mutation
The change between hexachord
Liturgical Year
The annual cycle of religious feasts and seasons that forms the context for the church’s worship (Calendar has influence of musical content)
Office
Series of services scattered throughout the day, and are usually short (with chanting of songs, which are distributed)
Mass
Services developed as a commemoration of the last supper, became standardized in: Fore mass and Sacrifice Mass
Ordinary Texts
Text that never changed
Proper Texts
Text that changed every week
Ordinary of the Mass
The chants Kyrie, Gloria, Credo, Sanctus, and Agnus Dei
Three Styles of Text setting
Relationship Between notes and text
Syllabic
Melismatic
Neumatic
Psalms
Biblical scripture from the book of psalms
Canticles
Poetic texts outside of the book of psalms
Methods for chant performance
Direct
Responsorial
Antiphonal
Direct Chant
Group chanting together
Responsorial Chant
Soloist chants text; Group responds
Antiphonal
Group vs Group
Recitation Formulas
Simple
Psalm Tones
Psalm Tones
Used to cycle through text using the same melody
Antiphon
Usually in a simple text sung or spoken before and after psalms or canticles
Troping
Musical or textual addition to existing chants
Syllabic
Every syllable gets one note
Melismatic
Syllables get more than one note
neumatic
3-6 notes per syllable
Sequence
Syllabic setting of latin text in couplets
Notker
Had trouble remembering melismas
Created new style of chanting that is essentially syllabic
Litergical Drama
Type of play acted within or near the relating stories of the bible and the saints; root of Oratories
Hildegard of Bingen
First female composer that was noticed and studied
Wrote Ordo Virtutum (Play of Virtues) and O Virtuus Saipientie (chant praising God’s Wisdom)
Goliards
Educated traveling clergymen who wrote poems and songs in Latin, German, and french. Wrote Drinking, gambling, and parodies of church songs
Toubadours
Southern Frenchmen who sang songs of courtly love in Provencal, Occitan or langue d’oc
Trouveres
Northern Frenchmen who sang songs of courtly love in Lang d’oil
Trobairitz
Female troubadour
Minnesinger
German Troubadour
Bar Form
aab
Cantigas De Santa Maria
Songs in praise of the virgin Mary
Estampie
Iberian dance music we have the most surviving manuscripts that built in phrases that appeared in couplets, as well as, stollen (open) endings and Abgesang(closed) endings
Stollen (Open) and Abgesang (Closed) Endings
Medieval equivalent of modern 1st and 2nd endings
Tonoi
Plural of Tonos
Epitaph of Seikilos
The oldest music composition that is fully intact
First Delphic Hymn
Monophonic Hymn dedicated to Apollo
divided into 2 parts
Paean
Hyporchema
Vespers for Christmas Day
Chant sung on the evening of December 24th
Marked the transition of the 40 days of fast to the celebration of the birth of Christ
Mass for Christmas Day
Vigil Mass, Mass during the Night, Mass at dawn, and mass during the day
Victimae paschali laudes
Sequence performed on Easter
Quem queritis in presepe
Play of the Shepards
Ordo virtutum
Morality play written by Hildegard of Bingen
Can vei la lauzeta
One of the oldest and most well know troubadour songs
Robins m’aime
Earliest French Secular play music
A Chantar
Only surviving song written by of The Countess of dia a Troubaritz
Palästinalied
Crusade Song written during the 5th crusade
5. Non sofre Santa Maria
Song about how Saint Mary will provided for her followers
La quinta estampie real
An Estampie