AP Chemistry Unit 5 - Kinetics

Kinetics

The study of reaction rates, which can be viewed 3 ways: rate of disappearance of reactant, rate of appearance of product, and rate of reaction

How to find the rate of disappearance of a reactant

-(change in concentration) / time

How to find the rate of appearance of a product

change in concentration / time

How to convert rates of different reaction components

Multiply/divide by stoichiometric coefficients

Rate Law

Rate = k[A]^m[B]ⁿ

k - Rate constant, depends on reaction and temperature

m, n - Reaction orders, which can only be found through experimental data

Overall order of a reaction

m + n

How to find m + n mathematically

Divide rates at two times where one concentration remains the same

Beer-Lambert Law

A = Ebc

A - Absorbance

E - Molar absorbtivity (M^-1cm^-1)

b - Path length (cm)

c - Concentration (M)

How do reaction rates increase?

Introduce a catalyst or increase collision rate

How does the collision rate increase?

Increase the concentration of liquid or gaseous reactants, increase the surface area of solid reactants, or increase temperature