UNIT 3 Health & Human Development AoS 1 Key Terms

Biological Factors

Factors that relate to the body and its functions which can impact out health

Burden of Disease

A measure of disease and injuries. It measures the gap between current health status and in ideal situation where all reach old age without disease and disability. BOD is measured in a unit called DALY

Disease

A physical or mental disturbance involving symptoms, dysfunction, or tissue damage

Dynamic

Refers to something that is constantly changing or can change quickly

Emotional H&W

Relates to the ability to express emotions in a positive way. It is about the positive management and expression of emotional actions and reaction, as well as displaying resilience.

Environmental factors

The physical surroundings in which we live, work, and play

HALE

A measure of BOD based on LE at birth, including an adjustment for years spent in poor health. It is the number of years in full health that a person can expect to live, based on current rates of ill health and mortality

H&W

Relates to a persons physical, social, emotional, spiritual, and emotions existence, and is characterized by an equilibrium in which an individual feels healthy, happy, capable, and engaged

Health Status

An individual or populations overall health, taking into account various aspects like life expectancy, amount of disability, and levels of disease risk factors

Illness

A subjective concept related to personal experience of disease

Incidence

The number or rate of new cases of a disease during a specified time (usually a 12 month period)

Infant mortality

The death of infants between birth and their first birthday (usually expressed per 1,000 live births)

Life expectancy

An indication of how long a person can expect to live. It is the number of years of life remaining to a person at a certain age if death rates do not change

Maternal mortality

Death of a mother during pregnancy, childbirth, or withing 6 weeks of delivery (typically expressed per 100,00 women giving birth)

Mental H&W

The current state of wellbeing relating to the mind or brain and relates to the ability to think and process information

Morbidity

Refers to ill health in and individual and the levels of ill health in a population or group

Mortality

Refers to death, particularly at a population level

Optimal H&W

Experiencing high levels of one or more of the dimensions of h&w

Physical H&W

Relates to the function of the body and its systems and it includes the physical capacity to perform daily activities or tasks

Population groups

Sections of a community with similar features or characteristics, which allow generalizations to be made about them

Prevalence

The number or proportion of cases of a particular disease or condition present in a population at a given time

Self assesed health status

A measure based on a persons own opinion about how they feel about their health and wellbeing, their state of mind, and their life in general. Commonly sourced from population surveys

Social H&W

Relates to the ability to form meaningful and satisfying relationships with others and the ability to manage or adapt appropriately to different social situations

Sociocultural factors

The social and cultural conditions in which people are born, grow, live, work, and age

Spiritual H&W

Not material in nature, but relates to ideas beliefs, values, and ethics that arise in the minds and conscience of human beings, and includes the concepts of hope, peace, and a guiding sense of meaning or value, and a reflection of your place in the world

Subjective

Refers to something that can be viewed differently by different people

Trend

A pattern present in data

U5 mortality rate

The number of deaths of children under 5 years of age per 1,000 live births

YLD - years of life lost due to illness, injury, or disability

A measure of how many healthy years of life are lost due to illness, injury, or disability

YLL - Years of life lost due to premature death

A measure of how many years of expected life are lost due to premature death