section 2

These flashcards cover vocabulary related to methods of studying motor behavior, including measurement types, techniques, and equipment used in this field.

Performance Outcome Measures

Relate to the end results of motor skills.

Performance Production Measures

Relate to the movement components involved in motor skills.

Constant Error (CE)

Measures the amount and direction of deviation from a target.

Variable Error (VE)

Measures the inconsistency or variability in the movement outcome.

Root-Mean-Square Error (RMSE)

A measure of overall error over the duration of a performance.

Movement Magnitude

Refers to quantifying distance traveled, peak value, or area under a curve.

Movement Time (MT)

Interval between the initiation of a response to the completion of the movement.

Reaction Time (RT)

Time between the onset of a stimulus and the onset of a response.

Premotor Reaction Time

Time for central processing before the onset of movement.

Electromyography (EMG)

A technique to record electrical activity from muscles.

Force Plates

Equipment used to measure kinetic data related to movement.

Motion Capture Cameras

Used to quantify kinematic data during movements.

Eye Tracking

Techniques to monitor and record eye movements.

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS)

A non-invasive technique used to stimulate the brain through magnetic fields.

Transcranial Electrical Stimulation (tES)

A method to enhance or disrupt brain activity using electrical currents.

Microneurography

Technique to record electrical activity of single axons within a nerve.

Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI)

A method to visualize brain activity based on blood flow changes.

Electroencephalography (EEG)

An array of scalp electrodes that records the electrical activity of the brain.

Performance Outcome Measures

Relate to the end results of motor skills.

Performance Production Measures

Relate to the movement components involved in motor skills.

Constant Error (CE)

Measures the amount and direction of deviation from a target.

Variable Error (VE)

Measures the inconsistency or variability in the movement outcome.

Root-Mean-Square Error (RMSE)

A measure of overall error over the duration of a performance.

Movement Magnitude

Refers to quantifying distance traveled, peak value, or area under a curve.

Movement Time (MT)

Interval between the initiation of a response to the completion of the movement.

Reaction Time (RT)

Time between the onset of a stimulus and the onset of a response.

Premotor Reaction Time

Time for central processing before the onset of movement.

Electromyography (EMG)

A technique to record electrical activity from muscles.

Force Plates

Equipment used to measure kinetic data related to movement.

Motion Capture Cameras

Used to quantify kinematic data during movements.

Eye Tracking

Techniques to monitor and record eye movements.

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS)

A non-invasive technique used to stimulate the brain through magnetic fields.

Transcranial Electrical Stimulation (tES)

A method to enhance or disrupt brain activity using electrical currents.

Microneurography

Technique to record electrical activity of single axons within a nerve.

Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI)

A method to visualize brain activity based on blood flow changes.

Electroencephalography (EEG)

An array of scalp electrodes that records the electrical activity of the brain.

Absolute Error (AE)

Measures the general magnitude of error without regard to the direction of deviation.

Motor Time

The interval from the first change in electrical activity in the muscle until the actual beginning of observable movement.

Response Time

The total time interval involving both reaction time and movement time (Response Time = RT + MT).

Kinematics

The description of motion without regard to force or mass; involves measures such as displacement, velocity, and acceleration.

Kinetics

The study of the role of force as a cause of motion.

Magnetoencephalography (MEG)

A neuroimaging technique that records magnetic fields produced by electrical activity in the brain.

Positron Emission Tomography (PET)

A functional imaging technique that detects metabolic activity in the brain via radioactive tracers.

Performance Outcome Measures

Relate to the end results of motor skills.

Performance Production Measures

Relate to the movement components involved in motor skills.

Constant Error (CE)

Measures the amount and direction of deviation from a target.

Variable Error (VE)

Measures the inconsistency or variability in the movement outcome.

Root-Mean-Square Error (RMSE)

A measure of overall error over the duration of a performance.

Movement Magnitude

Refers to quantifying distance traveled, peak value, or area under a curve.

Movement Time (MT)

Interval between the initiation of a response to the completion of the movement.

Reaction Time (RT)

Time between the onset of a stimulus and the onset of a response.

Premotor Reaction Time

Time for central processing before the onset of movement.

Electromyography (EMG)

A technique to record electrical activity from muscles.

Force Plates

Equipment used to measure kinetic data related to movement.

Motion Capture Cameras

Used to quantify kinematic data during movements.

Eye Tracking

Techniques to monitor and record eye movements.

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS)

A non-invasive technique used to stimulate the brain through magnetic fields.

Transcranial Electrical Stimulation (tES)

A method to enhance or disrupt brain activity using electrical currents.

Microneurography

Technique to record electrical activity of single axons within a nerve.

Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI)

A method to visualize brain activity based on blood flow changes.

Electroencephalography (EEG)

An array of scalp electrodes that records the electrical activity of the brain.

Absolute Error (AE)

Measures the general magnitude of error without regard to the direction of deviation.

Motor Time

The interval from the first change in electrical activity in the muscle until the actual beginning of observable movement.

Response Time

The total time interval involving both reaction time and movement time (Response Time = RT + MT).

Kinematics

The description of motion without regard to force or mass; involves measures such as displacement, velocity, and acceleration.

Kinetics

The study of the role of force as a cause of motion.

Magnetoencephalography (MEG)

A neuroimaging technique that records magnetic fields produced by electrical activity in the brain.

Positron Emission Tomography (PET)

A functional imaging technique that detects metabolic activity in the brain via radioactive tracers.

Simple Reaction Time

The reaction time when there is only one signal and one response required.

Choice Reaction Time

The reaction time when there are multiple signals and each signal requires its own specific response.

Discrimination Reaction Time

The reaction time when there are multiple signals but only one response is required for a specific signal.

Radial Error (RE)

A measure of error used in two-dimensional tasks, such as hitting a target on a board.

Displacement

The spatial change in the position of a limb or joint during the execution of a movement.

Velocity

A kinematic measure describing the rate of change of an object's position with respect to time (v = \frac{d}{t}).

Acceleration

A kinematic measure describing the rate of change of velocity during a movement (a = \frac{v}{t}).

Angle-Angle Diagram

A plot of the relationship between two joints at different points in time, used to measure coordination.

Center of Pressure (COP)

The point of application of the ground reaction force vector, measured using force plates.

Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS)

A brain imaging technique that measures blood oxygenation levels using light within the near-infrared spectrum.