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lithosphere
outermost layer of earth with solid upper mantle and crust
astemosphere
layer of the earth located in outer part of the mantle with semi-molten rock
mantle
layer of earth above the core with magma and asthenosphere and solid upper mantle
igneous rock
from magma
sedimentary
sand, mud, gravel are compressed
metamorphic
sedimentary or igneous rock are compressed tgt
Topsoil (A)
organic material mixed with underlying minerals
Subsoil (B)
leaching of metals and nutrients
Subsoil (B)
accumulation of metals and nutrients
Parent Rock (C)
least weathered and like parent material
albeido
amount of incoming sunlight reflected from a surface (ice and snow have a lot of it)
cm in m
100
mm in m
1000
m in km
1000
mm in km
1,000,000
atlantic ocean plates
are all divergent making valleys
California has
transformed plates which sometimes creates earthquakes
the Arabian plate
divergent plates creating the valley which is the red sea