Unit 4 APES

lithosphere

outermost layer of earth with solid upper mantle and crust

astemosphere

layer of the earth located in outer part of the mantle with semi-molten rock

mantle 

layer of earth above the core with magma and asthenosphere and solid upper mantle

igneous rock

from magma

sedimentary

sand, mud, gravel are compressed

metamorphic

sedimentary or igneous rock are compressed tgt

Topsoil (A)

organic material mixed with underlying minerals

Subsoil (B)

leaching of metals and nutrients

Subsoil (B)

accumulation of metals and nutrients

Parent Rock (C)

least weathered and like parent material

albeido

amount of incoming sunlight reflected from a surface (ice and snow have a lot of it)

cm in m

100

mm in m

1000

m in km

1000

mm in km

1,000,000

atlantic ocean plates

are all divergent making valleys

California has

transformed plates which sometimes creates earthquakes

the Arabian plate 

divergent plates creating the valley which is the red sea