APWH Unit 5

These flashcards cover essential vocabulary related to the Enlightenment, revolutions, and economic principles from the lecture.

Divine right of kings

The belief that a monarch's authority comes directly from God.

Thomas Hobbes

First philosopher known for his work 'Leviathan' (1660), advocating that government is crucial for preventing chaos.

Social contract

An agreement among individuals to form a government to protect their rights.

John Locke

Philosopher who advocated for natural rights including life, liberty, and property.

Mary Wollstonecraft

A prominent figure who argued for women's rights and the principles of feminism.

Voltaire

Philosopher known for advocating liberty, tolerance, and religious freedom.

Montesquieu

Philosopher who proposed separation of powers to prevent government abuse.

Rousseau

Theorized that people have the right to overthrow unjust governments.

Fever Model Stages

Stages of revolution: Incubation, Symptomatic, Crisis, Convalescence.

No taxation without representation

A slogan that summarized a primary grievance of the American colonists against British taxation.

Ancien Régime

The political system of France prior to the French Revolution, characterized by its division into three estates.

Reign of Terror

The period during the French Revolution when the Jacobins executed thousands including King Louis XVI.

Toussaint L’Ouverture

Leader of the Haitian Revolution who was pivotal in the fight for independence from French colonial rule.

Casta system

A social hierarchy in colonial Spanish America based on race and ethnicity.

Simon Bolivar

Leader in Latin America's successful struggle for independence from Spanish rule.

Meiji Restoration

A period of rapid modernization and industrialization in Japan beginning in 1868.

Laissez-faire economics

An economic principle that advocates minimal government intervention in commerce.

Invisible Hand

A term attributed to Adam Smith, describing how individual self-interest in a free market leads to economic benefits for all.

Proletariat

The working class, especially in Marxist theory.

Bourgeoisie

The middle class, typically holding economic and political power.