World History Semester 2 Final Exam

The last major battle in wars for Spanish independence took place in

Ayacucho

The primary Russian strategy against French invasion during the Napoleonic Wars could be best described as

Using scorched-earth tactics and counter-attacking in winter

Brazil attains independence primarily in

Becoming a monarchy led by a Portuguese prince

The change over time in this graph could be best attributed to (Graph- Atlantic Slave trade)

The increased production in cash crops

The warring factions in the Thirty Years' War could be best described as

Catholics and Protestants

In the late 1500s, Spain went to war against England and the Ottoman Empire primarily because England and the Ottoman Empire

Were not catholic nations

Revolutions in the early 1800s in Greece, Belgium, Poland, and Hungary generally were

Organized by nationalist ideas

In principle, most absolute monarchs believed that they should govern by the will of

God

Most early British and French colonies' location were chosen primarily to (Map- European Claims in America, 1700)

Avoid potential warfare with Spain

Of the four colonial possessions listed, the first to assert its independence from colonial control would be the (Map- European Claims in America, 1700)

Thirteen Colonies

Over the entirety of the period displayed on the chart, the smallest percentage of slaves were transported to (Graph- The Atlantic Slave Trade)

North America

Columbus' second voyage to the New World is documented in the passage. However, Columbus' initial goal in exploration (Passage- quote from Christopher Columbus, on his first trip to Hispaniola, 1493)

Finding a direct trade route to India and East Asia

The Enlightenment ideas mentioned in this passage from the Declaration of Independence mostly focuses on (Passage- from Thomas Jefferson, the American Declaration of Independence)

Citizens forming a government that secures universal rights

Members of the First and Second Estates control approximately what percentage of French land? (Graph- Selected Statistics About the Three Estates in France [1789])

Thirty-five percent

The latest regions to come under Prussian rule in this period were (Map- Growth of Brandenburg-Prussia 1600-1795)

Conquered from Poland

The primary reason why Britain begins taxing American colonists directly is

Financing debt from the Seven Years' War

The primary political goal of Russian expansion under Peter the Great was

Establishing access to a warm-water port and increasing European trade

In following the principles of capitalism as envisioned by Adam Smith, Cuban sugar should be sod primarily to (Map- Europe Claims in Americas, 1700)

Whatever market would have the highest profit for the sugar producer

The exporting of gold and silver to Spanish colonies caused economic decline primarily because of

Silver and gold imports caused inflation and higher prices

Haiti becomes independent primarily through

A massive slave revolt

Economic change caused by the demographic change on this map would include the (Graph- Estimated Native American Population of Mexico, 1518-1593)

Expansion of African slavery in the New World

Columbus emphasized gold in his letter to Spanish monarchs primarily to (Passage- from Christopher Columbus, on his first trip to Hispaniola, 1493)

Have further funding and support for other voyages

According to the terms of the Treaty of Tordesillas, the nation that could legally colonize and trade in African and India was

Portugal

By the late 1800s, Prussia would be the main state advocation for the political unification of what modern day nation? (Map- Growth of Brandenburg-Prussia 1600-1795)

Germany

Generally, independence movements in Latin America were

Led by creole military officers after France invades Spain

According to mercantilist principles, Cuban sugar imported to Portugal should be

Heavily taxed, as Cuba is not part of the Portuguese empire

In the statement presented above, Robespierre most directly (Passage- from Maximilian Robespierre, 1794)

Justifies violence in order to defeat the Revolution's enemies

An example of French mercantilist policies would be

Selling products from Saint-Domingue (Haiti) to other nations

The product represented by the blue arrows has been obscured in this map. It should represent the trade of (Map- World Trade Patterns, 1500s and 1600s)

Silver

Of the major colonial regions as pictured on the map, the one that would change its colonial control by 1770 would be (Map: European Claims in America, 1700)

New France

The members of the First and Second Estates, respectively, could be best described as (Graph: Selected Statistics About the Three Estates in France [1789])

The clergy and nobility

Before the invasion of Russia, France's primary enemy in the Napoleonic Wars was

Great Britain

The relationship between the French government and the Catholic Church during the time of the French Revolution and during Napoleon's reign could be best described as

Antagonistic, but more tolerant over time

The primary outcome of the Glorious Revolution was

Installing a parliamentary monarchy in England

The War of Spanish Succession occurred primarily as a response to

Fear of Spain and France becoming one powerful united country

The primary reason for the demographic change shown on this graph was due to (Graph- Estimated Native American Population of Mexico, 1518-1593)

Endemic disease brought by interaction with Europeans

The Seven Years' War would involve direct conflict between which pairs of European colonies? (Map- European Claims in America, 1700)

The Thirteen Colonies and New France

The English Civil War begins primarily due to

Political conflict between an absolutist king and Parliament

Social classifications of peninsulares and creoles in Latin American society depended primarily upon

Birthplace

Both John Locke and Thomas Hobbes advocated for the idea that

Government is based on a social contract between the ruler and those who ruled

The mid to late 15th century could be seen as a momentous change in world history because of

The inclusion of the Americans and southern Africa in a global trading system

In the Atlantic triangular trading system, raw materials would be exchanged from

The Americas to Europe

Before the independence movements of Latin America, Spain's New World colonial empire was divided into how many different viceroyalties? (Map- Latin America, 1800 vs. Latin America, 1830)

Four

The role of most African leaders in the transatlantic slave trade could best be described as

Willing participation, exchanging prisoners for European goods

The primary purpose of the Congress of Vienna was

Re-establishing traditional political order after Napoleon's defeat

Of the following regions to become independent from Ottoman control, the earliest to become an entirely independent nation is (Map- Ottoman Empire gets broken up)

Greece

The above political cartoon most prominently references the aftermath of the (Cartoon- Animals as Countries)

Boxer rebellion

Most early European settlements in Australia could be found in

Mediterranean and woodland climates

The demographic change occurring between 1840 and 1860 on this map is most directly due to (Graph- Population of Ireland)

Famine destroying Ireland's main food crop

Which of the following statements best explains why Japan resisted imperialist movements in the 19th century more effectively that China?

Japan's elite accepted modernization and reform more than China's

The earliest territorial loss for the Ottoman Empire was to (Map- Ottoman Empire gets broken up)

Russia

Generally, early industrialization leads to

Lower prices for goods and lower wages for workers

Latin America's political and economic status between 1820 and 1920 would best be described as

Under economic imperialism

Great Britain attempted to negotiate control of colonies extending directly over land from the Mediterranean to South Africa. The primary nation that caused this goal to fail was (Map- Africa After the Scramble, 1914)

Germany

Following Latin American independence movements, the governments of most independent nations were

Military dictatorship

During this period, most American territorial expansion was due to (Map- US Expansion)

Diplomacy with France, war with Mexico

The primary reason for the leanest DECREASE shown in the chart above was due to (Graph- Population of Ireland)

A famine caused by crop failures

The goals of believers in Manifest Destiny would be reached by (Map- US Expansion)

1848

The political cartoon most prominently features with aspects of imperialism (Cartoon- The Filipino's First Bath)

Paternalism

European expansion into Asia and Africa during this period was mostly due to

Europe's development of new military and transportation technology

The preceding cartoon is most directly criticizing (Cartoon- The World's Plunderers)

Imperialism

Generally, the outcome of the Sepoy Rebellion involved

India becoming directly ruled by Great Britain

Following the major decrease as shown on the graph, Ireland's population began steadily increasing in the decade (Graph- Population of Ireland)

1960-70

The Chartist movement in Britain most thoroughly advocated for

Reforming the electoral process and expanding the right to vote

Great Britain's early industrialization period is most influenced by

Large coal and iron deposits

The oldest continuous European settlement in Australia is located in (Map- Australia and New Zealand to 1848)

Sydney

The demographic changes in the chart above can most directly be attributed to (Chart- Population of Selected British Citied, 1801-1891)

Industrialization leading to the labor concentrating in cities

The primary motive for European colonization of most of Africa during this period was (Map- Africa After the Scramble, 1914)

Obtaining raw materials and cash crop

The cartoon titled "The Filipino's First Bath" and focusing on American President William McKinley, was created during the (Cartoon- The Filipino's First Bath)

Spanish-American War

The above image would most likely appeal to (Cartoon- Am I Not a Man and a Brother?)

Abolitionists

By 1910, Ford Automobiles had its greatest economic advantage over its competitors by

Using assembly lines and interchangeable parts

The quotation above most represents a proponent of (Quote- Steps in Communist Revolution)

Communism

The Boer War was primarily a conflict between the Boer Republics and

Great Britain

In general, child labor in laissiez-faire economics would be

Generally allowed to proceed without outside interference

Of the following nations, the one with the LEAST amount of succession imperial conquest between 1800-1914 is

Spain

Britain and France ally with the Ottoman Empire during the Crimean War against Russia primarily because of

Fear that the Russian Empire would become too powerful

The primary ethnic group that is forced to relocate on the Trail of Tears are

Native Americans

The primary purpose of the journey depicted above was (Map- The Route of the First Fleet to Australia, May 1787-1788)

Resetting British criminals

The Suez Canal increases the amount of trade directly between

The Mediterranean Sea and Indian Ocean

During this period, Britain reserves its trade imbalance with China primarily through

Importing Indian opium

Fillmore's reference to "new laws" that Japan should consider primarily concern (Quote- from Millard Fillmore, "Letter to the Emperor of Japan" [1852])

Opening trade between the United States and Japan

Panama's independence movement in the early 20th century is aided mostly by

Support of the United States in constructing an artificial waterway

The nations that effectively avoided colonization during this period are (Map- Africa the Scramble, 1914)

Ethiopia and Liberia

The political ideology espoused by Theodor Herzl's statement above could be best described as (Quote- from Theodor Herzl, "On the Jewish Sate", [1895])

Zionism

Gandhi emphasizes the spinning wheel because (Passage- Mohandas K. Gandhi, Letter to Sir Daniel Hamilton)

Indians creating their own weaving industry would make them less dependent upon Great Britain

Soviet strategy when dealing with German invasion was primarily (Map- European and African Battles, 1939-1945)

Retreating and scorched-earth tactics until Winter

In European and American democracies during the Great Depression, the most common political actions were

Increasing public spending and intervention in the economy

A similarity between the revolutions of Mexico in 1910, China in 1911, and Russia in 1917 is

A prolonged civil war

Of the following totalitarian governments, the earliest to rise to power was

The USSR

During the Spanish Civil War, most international support came from

Germany and the USSR

The above military strategy was used most effectively in (Picture- Soldiers fighting from a trench)

The Western Front during WWI

Of the following empires, the one to continue existing after World War I was the

Japanese Empire

The "Big Four" represent France, Britain, Italy, and German. These nations agreed upon ceding the Suedetenland to Germany primarily because (Quote- The Big Four)

Britain and France wanted to avoid war with Germany

The in comparing the amount of livestock in the USSR in 1928 versus that in 1938, the change amounts to roughly a (Graph- The Buildup of the Soviet Economy, 1928-1938)

25% decrease

Mao Zedong's ideals of communism differed from those of Marx and Lenin primarily because

Mao focused on collectivizing agriculture more than industrializing

According to the variables presented on the chart above, the most prominent event contributing to Nazi electoral success was (Graph- German Unemployment and the Nazi Vote)

The Great Depression

Gandhi portrays India and its people as (Quote- from Mohandas K. Gandhi, Letter to Sir Daniel Hamilton)

Primarily agricultural workers

A President of Turkey, Mustafa Kemal Ataturk's policies were different than more regional leaders due to

Creating a European legal system and secular government

Following World War I, European colonies in Africa and Asia generally

Remained part of their respective empires

The "Final Solution" refers to

The systematic killing of Jewish people by Nazi forces