Studied by 6 people
Chemistry
The study of matter and the transformations it undergoes
Central Science
Chemistry is a foundational science that leads to useful applications
Submicroscopic World
Deals with atoms and molecules, the building blocks of matter
Solids
A phase of matter with fixed shape and volume, particles are closely packed and vibrate in place.
Liquids
A state of matter with a definite volume but no definite shape, taking the shape of its container and flowing easily.
Gases
Substances with no fixed shape or volume, filling any container uniformly. Composed of molecules moving freely.
Heat of Fusion
The amount of heat energy required to change a substance from a solid to a liquid at its melting point without changing its temperature.
Heat of Vaporization
The amount of heat energy required to convert a liquid into a gas at its boiling point without a change in temperature.
Changes
Physical changes involve no change in chemical identity, while chemical changes result in new substances
Chemical Bond
Force of attraction holding atoms together in a molecule
Periodic Table
Organizes elements based on atomic number and properties
Atomic Number
Number of protons in an atom, identifies the element
Isotope
Different versions of an element with varying neutron numbers
Atomic Mass
Average mass of protons and neutrons in an atom
Chemical Changes
Rearrangement of atoms leading to new materials
Groups of the Periodic Table
Alkali Metals, Alkaline Earth Metals, Transition Metals, Inner Transition Metals, Chalcogens, Halogens, Noble Gases
Chemical Formulas
Represent compounds using symbols of constituent elements
Elemental Formulas
Represent elements using atomic symbols and subscripts
Compounds
Atoms of different elements bonded together
Naming Compounds
Follows a pattern based on the elements present and their positions in the periodic table
Macroscopic
Large enough to be seen
Microscopic
Can only be seen with a microscope
Submicroscopic
Too small to be seen with a standard microscope; refers to particles or organisms that are smaller than what can be observed using a light microscope
Alkali Metals
Group 1 elements in the periodic table with one electron in the outermost shell, highly reactive with water and oxygen. (Examples: Lithium, Potassium, etc.)
Alkaline-Earth Metals
Group 2 elements with 2 valence electrons, reactive but less than alkali metals, includes calcium, magnesium, etc.
Transition Metals
Groups 3-12 on the Periodic Table. Elements in the middle of the periodic table that have partially filled d orbitals and exhibit variable oxidation states. Includes Cobalt, Nickel, Silver, Gold, etc.
Inner Transition Metals
Elements located in the f-block of the periodic table, including the lanthanides and actinides. They have partially filled f-orbitals. Includes Lanthanum, Cerium, etc. (Lanthanides). And Actinium, Thorium, etc. (Actinides)
Chalcogens
Group 16 on the Periodic Table. A group of elements in the periodic table that includes oxygen, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, and polonium. They are known for their diverse chemical properties and are essential for life.
Halogens
A group of nonmetal elements in Group 17 of the periodic table with seven valence electrons, known for their high reactivity. Includes Flourine, Bromine, Chlorine, and Iodine.
Noble Gases
Group 18 on the Periodic Table. A group of elements in the periodic table known for their stable and unreactive nature due to having a full outer electron shell. Includes Helium, Neon, Argon, etc.
