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Motor unit
The Neurotransmitter that is released into the neuromuscular junction.
Types of strength
General
Specific
Absolute
Relative
Local muscular endurance
General strength
Whole system foundation
Specific
Patterns essential to support
Absolute
Force regardless of body weight(ex: 1RM, shot put, football)
Relative
Force per BW, “pound for pound”(related to speed,agility,quickness)
Local Muscular Endurance
Lower force, repeated or maintained(repeated contraction vs load max, continuous or incomplete rest)
Athletic performance
Ability to respond effectively to the various physical demands of the specific sport or event.
Strength & Power
“Strength and power-generating capacity are critical factors in determining success in a wide variety of sports, particularly in all team sports and sports dominated by speed… (and) sports with a large endurance component” – Bompa & Buzzichelli (2019)
Force and velocity
Strength
max force or torque (rotational force) a muscle or muscle group can generate
Low speed strength
neuromuscular system to produce force against external resistance
Max Strength
most force possibly generated
“Powerlifting”; Other Examples?
Power
rate of performing work
“High-speed strength”
(force x velocity)
Ability to develop force rapidly
Rate of Force Development (RFD)
how fast force is developed
Crucial to sprinting, throwing, jumping
time to develop force is limited
much less than the time to develop Max Force
Low-intensity Exercise Endurance (LIEE)
Continuous, long duration
Low peak power, mostly aerobic metabolism
Marathon, Triathlon, Road Cycling
High-intensity Exercise Endurance (HIEE)
repetitive bursts
High power outputs ,anaerobic metabolism
Ice Hockey, Lacrosse, Soccer
Aerobic Power (Capacity)
max rate of oxidative energy production through fats, carbohydrates, proteins (rare).
cardiorespiratory element: using oxygen, VO2 (L/min; mL/min/kg), often linked to local muscular endurance
Anaerobic Capacity
max rate of energy production by combined anaerobic systems (ATP-PC and glycolysis)
~ 30-90 s (moderate duration), maintenance of mod-high energy demands – 400m, 800m, Wingate
Speed (Velocity)
ability to cover distance quickly (Distance/Time)
Elements of Technique, Power (& strength), Anaerobic/Aerobic Capacity
Straight line, curvelinear, change of direction
Acceleration
increase max velocity in minimal time (20-30m of 100 m dash)
Max Velocity
top speed
Speed Endurance
fighting fatigue, mechanic
Agility
Change of Direction (CoD) Speed + Cognitive Skill
Rapid, whole-body, CoD/speed in response to sport-specific stimulus
linked to Power, Anaerobic Capacity, Speed