Exam 1 (pt 1) Components of athletic performance and periodization

Motor unit

The Neurotransmitter that is released into the neuromuscular junction.

Types of strength

1. General

2. Specific

3. Absolute

4. Relative

5. Local muscular endurance

General strength

Whole system foundation

Specific

Patterns essential to support

Absolute

Force regardless of body weight(ex: 1RM, shot put, football)

Relative

Force per BW, “pound for pound”(related to speed,agility,quickness)

Local Muscular Endurance

Lower force, repeated or maintained(repeated contraction vs load max, continuous or incomplete rest)

Athletic performance

Ability to respond effectively to the various physical demands of the specific sport or event.

Strength & Power

“Strength and power-generating capacity are critical factors in determining success in a wide variety of sports, particularly in all team sports and sports dominated by speed… (and) sports with a large endurance component” – Bompa & Buzzichelli (2019)

Force and velocity

Strength

max force or torque (rotational force) a muscle or muscle group can generate

• Low speed strength

• neuromuscular system to produce force against external resistance

Max Strength

most force possibly generated

• “Powerlifting”; Other Examples?

Power

rate of performing work

• “High-speed strength”

  (force x velocity)

• Ability to develop force rapidly

Rate of Force Development (RFD)

how fast force is developed

• Crucial to sprinting, throwing, jumping

  • time to develop force is limited

  • much less than the time to develop Max Force

Low-intensity Exercise Endurance (LIEE)

Continuous, long duration

• Low peak power, mostly aerobic metabolism

• Marathon, Triathlon, Road Cycling

High-intensity Exercise Endurance (HIEE)

repetitive bursts

• High power outputs ,anaerobic metabolism

• Ice Hockey, Lacrosse, Soccer

Aerobic Power (Capacity)

max rate of oxidative energy production through fats, carbohydrates, proteins (rare).

cardiorespiratory element: using oxygen, VO2 (L/min; mL/min/kg), often linked to local muscular endurance

Anaerobic Capacity 

max rate of energy production by combined anaerobic systems (ATP-PC and glycolysis)

~ 30-90 s (moderate duration), maintenance of mod-high energy demands – 400m, 800m, Wingate

Speed (Velocity)

ability to cover distance quickly (Distance/Time)

• Elements of Technique, Power (& strength), Anaerobic/Aerobic Capacity

• Straight line, curvelinear, change of direction

Acceleration

increase max velocity in minimal time (20-30m of 100 m dash)

Max Velocity

top speed

Speed Endurance

fighting fatigue, mechanic

Agility

Change of Direction (CoD) Speed + Cognitive Skill

• Rapid, whole-body, CoD/speed in response to sport-specific stimulus

  • linked to Power, Anaerobic Capacity, Speed