Chapter 6 Skeleton

List 6 functions of bones

produce blood cells, protect the organs, help us breathe, mineral storage, help us move, provide a framework for the body

Are your bones alive?

yes

describe long bones, give 2 examples

longer and wide examples legs and arms

describe short bones, give 2 examples

equal in length and width examples wrist and ankles

describe flat bones, give 2 examples

flat, thin bones examples skull and ribs

describe irregular bones, give 2 examples

odd shaped examples hips and vertebrae

what covers the outside bone?

periosteum

what are the ends of the bones called?

epiphysis

name the area between the ends of the bone

diaphysis

name the hollow area of the bone

medullary cavity

what does the medullary cavity do

produce bone marrow

what is the function of the red bone marrow

produces blood cells

yellow bone marrow has...

high fat content

in an emergency yellow bone marrow does what?

to convert to red bone marrow

what are 2 types of bone tissue?

compact and spongy

Name 2 places where compact bone is found.

in shafts of long bones and outer layer of other bones

describe an osteon

Also known as the Haversian System. The structural unit of compact bone. Elongated cylinder parallel to the long axis of bone. Consists of the Haversian canal, canaliculi, lamellae, and lacunae containing osteocytes.

mature bone cells that form concentric circles around the central canal of an osteon

osteocytes

The area around the osteocyte is filled with

protein fibers, calcium, and other minerals

Is spongy bone more or less dense than compact bone?

less dense than compact bone

spongy bone is

Layer of bone tissue that has many small spaces and is found just inside the layer of compact bone.

2 functions of spongy bone?

-reduce overall weight of bones

-protect and support red bone marrow

What 2 places does endosteum line?

the medullary cavity and spongy bone

Bones are not smooth, having a variety of ________________, _______________, and _______________.

projections, bumps, and depressions

Projections on bones act as _______________ of _______________ for muscles, ligaments, and tendons.

points of attachment

________________or ________________ on bones act as pathways for nerves and blood vessels.

ligaments or tendons

________________ or ________________ is the formation of bone in the body.

ossification or osteogenesis

What are the 4 types of cells involved in formation and growth of cells?

osteoprogenitor cells, osteocytes, osteoblasts, and osteoclasts

The production of red blood cells is known as________________.

hemopoiesis

________________ are nonspecialized cells that can turn into other types of bone cells as needed.

osteoprogenitor cells

________________ are the cells that actually form bone.

osteoblasts

________________ are mature bone cells.

osteocytes

Osteoblasts surround themselves with a matrix of calcium to ...

become the mature osteocytes

________________ tear down old bone.

osteoclast

Tearing down old bone helps to ...

move calcium and phosphate into the blood

Bone growth and development begins when?

you are growing in the womb

________________ ________________ occurs when bone develops between 2 sheets of fiborous connective tissue.

intramembranous ossification

The bones of the ________________ developed through intramembranous ossification.

skull

Most of your bones are made by ________________ ________________ when shaped cartilage is replaced by bone.

endochondral ossification

The growth plate is another name for the ________________ ________________.

epiphyseal plate

The ________________ ________________ is important because as long as it exists, the length of the bone will increase.

epiphyseal plate

If a bone is fractured, it is repaired by the process of ________________ ________________.

endochondral ossification

For a broken bone to heal ...

the ends of broken bone must be touching

The first stage of bone repair is...

hematoma formation and inflammation

The second stage of bone repair is...

soft callus formation

The third stage of bone repair is...

hard callus formation

In the fourth stage of bone repair ...

the bone is remodeled

Cartilage makes flexible ________________ ________________ ________________ .

connection between bones

Cartilage also acts as a ________________ between bones.

cushion

________________ ________________ is located on the ends of bones and keep bones frone grinding together.

articular cartilage

Joints can wear out and become inflammed, this condition is called________________ .

arthritis or osteoarthritis