Understanding Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

These flashcards cover key vocabulary and concepts related to Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) based on lecture notes.

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

A real and valid psychiatric disorder characterized by symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity.

ADD

Attention Deficit Disorder without hyperactivity, often seen in quiet daydreamers.

Prevalence of ADHD

Affects 1 in 10 children globally, with 3% in Jamaica diagnosed.

ADHD Symptoms

Inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity that can cause problems in various settings.

Inattention

Difficulty sustaining attention, forgetfulness, and disorganization.

Hyperactivity

Excessive movement, inability to sit still, and constant activity.

Impulsivity

Acting without thinking about consequences, difficulty taking turns.

ADHD Combined Type

Classic ADHD presenting with all three symptoms: inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity.

ADHD Predominantly Inattentive Type (ADD)

Type of ADHD where hyperactivity is not present; characterized by daydreaming.

ADHD Predominantly Hyperactive-Impulsive Type

Type of ADHD characterized by hyperactivity and impulsivity with attention remaining intact.

Diagnosing ADHD

Must be diagnosed by a psychiatrist or psychologist after demonstrating chronic symptoms.

Comorbidity

ADHD often occurs alongside other disorders, such as specific learning disabilities.

Genetic Component

Evidence suggests that ADHD may run in families, indicating a genetic link.

Environmental Factors

Potential causes of ADHD may include exposure to toxins during pregnancy.

Frontal Lobe Functions

Controls attention, impulse control, judgment, and decision-making.

Neurotransmitters

Chemicals that transmit signals between nerve cells; low levels are seen in ADHD.

Dopamine

A neurotransmitter deficient in ADHD brains, linked to impulsivity and hyperactivity.

Prefrontal Cortex

Brain area that regulates attention and emotional responses; often affected in ADHD.

Limbic System

Part of the brain that regulates emotions; dopamine deficiency may lead to restlessness.

Basal Ganglia

Neural circuit that supports communication within the brain; disruption in ADHD may cause inattention.

Reticular Activating System

Brain system that relays signals; dopamine deficiency can result in impulsivity.

Valid Psychiatric Disorder

ADHD is recognized as a legitimate condition that affects behavior and functionality.

Educational Strategies

Methods like removing distractions and using checklists to assist students with ADHD.

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)

A potential treatment approach for managing symptoms of ADHD.

Behavioral Interventions

Reward systems and structured environments that can help with ADHD symptoms.

Attention Span

The amount of time one can focus on a task; often reduced in individuals with ADHD.

Video Games

Often mentioned as a potential cause for ADHD-like symptoms, though evidence is mixed.

High-Sugar Diets

Another debated factor that some believe may exacerbate ADHD symptoms.