Chapter 11 (Exam 3)

Personality

The stable pattern of affect (feelings), behavior, and cognition

Unconscious (Freud)

The part of the mind that we are unaware of and cannot access; stores unacceptable urges

Id

The primitive, impulsive part of personality that seeks immediate pleasure

Ego

The "self" that navigates the conflict between the id and superego based on the "reality principle"

Superego

The part of personality that seeks control and acts as our "morality principle"

Defense mechanisms

Unconscious protective behaviors used by the ego to reduce anxiety

Inferiority complex

Adler's concept of feelings of lacking worth and inferiority

Collective unconscious

Jung's concept of a universal collection of mental patterns and archetypes

Archetype

Universal patterns existing in the collective unconscious, like the "hero"

Reciprocal determinism

Bandura's concept of the bidirectional interaction between cognitive factors, behavior, and the situation

Social cognitive theory

Bandura's theory emphasizing both learning and cognition as sources of personality

Self efficacy

One's confidence in their own abilities

Locus of control

Rotter's concept of our beliefs about the power we have over our lives

Internal locus of control

The belief that most outcomes are the direct result of our efforts

External locus of control

The belief that outcomes are outside of our control (e

Humanistic approaches

Personality theories focusing on flourishing and seeking the best of human potential

Self concept (Rogers)

One's thoughts and feelings about oneself; congruence between ideal and real self is key

Five Factor Model

The standard trait theory of personality (Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Neuroticism)

Openness to experience

Trait characterized by curiosity, wide interests, and independence

Conscientiousness

Trait characterized by being hardworking, dependable, and organized

Extraversion

Trait characterized by being outgoing, warm, and seeking adventure

Agreeableness

Trait characterized by being helpful, trusting, and empathetic

Neuroticism

Trait characterized by being anxious and prone to negative emotions

Self report inventories

The most common method of measuring personality, using scales or multiple choice

Projective tests

Personality measures that use ambiguous stimuli (like inkblots) to study unconscious processes