MUSIC (q3-9)

music of classical period (1750-1820)

• Age of reason

• 18th century, moving towards classicism

• Instrumental music patronized primarily by the nobility

• Formal, elegant, simple, freed, dignified

music of classical period (1750-1820)

• Harmony & texture is homophonic in general

• Dynamics of loud & soft was clearly shown through the extensive use of crescendo and diminuendo/decrescendo

• Albertis bass (style of broken chord accompaniment, Do-Mi-Sol-Mi..)Age of reason

Franz Joseph Haydn

1732-1809

• His life was described as a “rags-to-riches” story.

Franz Joseph Haydn

1732-1809

• Father of the Symphony

• One of the most prominent composers of this period

• Became a Musical Director for the Esterhazy family for 30 years

Franz Joseph Haydn

1732-1809

• Calm, balanced, serious w/ touches of humor

• Composed 100+ symphonies and developed into long forms for a large orchestra

• He also wrote chamber piano music and choral works.

Franz Joseph Haydn

1732-1809

• He was born on March 31, 1732 in Rohrau, Australia and died on May 31, 1809 in Vienna.

• Surprise Symphony

• The Clock

• The Military

Franz Joseph Haydn works

1732-1809

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756-1791)

• He was born on January 27, 1756 in Salzburg, the archbishopric of Salzburg, Austria and died on December 5, 1791 in Vienna. 

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756-1791)

• Composed 700+ works

• Child prodigy

• Most amazing genius in musical history

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756-1791)

• Played the violin & harpsichord at 58 y/o

• Recognized as an exceptional pianist at 6 y/o

• Composed excellent music at 7 y/o

• Wrote sonatas, concertos, symphonis, religious works, operas, and operattas at 13 y/o

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756-1791)

• Lived in poverty due to financial mismanagement and died young

• Buried in an unknown grave

• The Marriage of Figaro

• Don Giovanni

• The Magic Flute

• Eine Kleine Nachtmusik

• Symphony No. 40 in G Major

• Sonata No. 11 in A Major

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756-1791) works

Ludwig Van Beethoven

He was born and baptized on December 17, 1770 in Bonn, the archbishopric of Cologne in Germany and died March 26, 1827 in Vienna, Austria.

Ludwig Van Beethoven

• Bridged the late Classical era and early Romantic era

Ludwig Van Beethoven

• Composed 32 piano sonatas, 21 sets of variations, 9 symphonies, 5 piano concertos, 16 string quartets and choral music

Ludwig Van Beethoven

• Became deaf in 1796 but continued composing through the help of an assistant and gadget

• Missa Solemnis (1818-1823)

• Fidelio (1805)

• Symphony No. 3 “Eroica”

• Symphony No. 5

• Symphony No. 6 “Pastoral”

• Symphony No. 9 “Choral” (adds voices to orchestra)

Ludwig Van Beethoven works

Ludwig Van Beethoven

• Sound centered on violas and lower registers of the violins and cellos to give his music a darker mood.

beethoven

• All themes in a piece are tied together by 1 motif

beethoven

• Used more brass instruments and dynamics

beethoven

• Developed musical themes & motives extensively by means of modulation

• Franz Joseph Haydn (1732-1809)

• Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756-1791)

• Ludwig Van Beethoven

Composers of the Classical Period

• Sonata

  • sonata allegro form

    • exposition

    • development

    • recapitulation

• Concerto

  • 1st movement

  • 2nd movement

  • 3rd movement

• Symphony

  • 1st(fast)

  • 2nd(slow)

  • 3rd(med/fast)

  • 4th(fast)

Instrumental Forms

classical opera

• opera seria

• opera buffa

Vocal Forms

• Multi-movement work for solo instrument

• From the word sonare - to make a sound

• Applied to keyboard and violin

sonata

• 1st Movement - Allegro “Fast”

• 2nd - Andante “Slow”

• 3rd - Minuet “3,4 Time”

an excerpt from the three movements of the Sonata No. 16 in C Major K545 by W.A. Mozart.

concerto

• Designed for an instrumental soloist and orchestra

• Classical form of music intended primarily to emphasize the individuality of the solo instrument

• Violin

• Cello

• Clarinet

• Bassoon

• Trumpet

• Horn

• Piano

• Solo instruments:

1st movement of concerto

• Fast: Sonata-allegro form with expositions of the orchestra and then by the soloist.

2nd movement of concerto

• Has more ornamentation than the first movement.

3rd movement of concerto

• usually in a form of rondo, resembling the last movement of the symphony and usually a short cadenza is used. 

symphony

• Multi-movement work for orchestra

• Derived from the word sinfonia - A harmonious sounding together

• 1st (FAST) - Sonata-Allegro Form

• 2nd (SLOW) - Gentle, lyrical – typical ABA form or theme and variation 

• 3rd (MED/FAST) - Uses dance form (Minuet of Scherzo)

• 4th (F) - Rondo or Sonata form

4 movements of symphony.

opera

• drama set to music where singers and musicians perform in a theatrical setting

Opera Seria (Serious Opera)

• Implies heroic/tragic drama that employs mythological characters

• IDOMENEO by Mozart (ex.)

Opera Buffa (Comic Opera)

• From Italy

• Makes use of everyday characters and situations and typically employed spoken dialogues, lengthy arias, spiced w/ slight gags, naughty humor, and social satire

• The Marriage of Figaro, Don Giovanni, The Magical Flute by Mozart (ex.)

classical period

During this period, the cultural life was dominated by the aristocracy, as patrons of musicians and artists who have commonly influenced the arts. Significant changes in musical forms and styles were made. The music of this period was generally of an orderly nature, with qualities of clarity and balance, and emphasizing formal beauty rather than emotional expression.

classicism

In the middle of the 18th century, Europe has begun new style in architecture, literature, and the arts. This is known as _______. This pushed changes in the economics, order and in social structure. The instrumental music was patronized primarily by the nobility.

classical

The principles and characteristics of ancient Greece and Roman literature and art which were formal, elegant, simple, freed and dignified signify the term “______”. There is also a practice of Alberti Bass. This means that there is a style of broken chord accompaniment.