Aphg

Arithmetic Density

The total number of people divided by the total land area.

Physiological Density

The number of people per unit area of agriculturally productive land.

Density

The frequency with which something exists within a given unit of area.

Demographic Transition

The process of change in a society's population from a condition of high crude birth and death rates and low rate of natural increase to a condition of low crude birth and death rates, low rate of natural increase, and a higher total population.

Demography

The scientific study of population characteristics.

Natural Increase Rate (NIR)

The percentage growth of a population in a year, computed as the crude birth rate minus the crude death rate.

Total Fertility Rate (TFR)

The average number of children a woman will have throughout her childbearing years.

Population Pyramid

A bar graph that represents the distribution of population by age and sex.

Pandemic

Disease that occurs over a wide geographic area and affects a very high proportion of the population.

Emigration

Migration from a location.

Immigration

Migration to a new location.

Net Migration

Difference between the number of immigrants and the number of emigrants.

Intervening Obstacle

Environmental or political feature that hinders migration.

Brain Drain

Large-scale emigration by talented people.

Secularism

A decline of tradition; turn away from traditional religion

Polytheism

Worship of a wide collection of gods

Monotheism

The worship of only one god

Animism

The belief that forces of nature are divine

Proselytize

An attempt to affect certain areas of the world

Religious landscape

A set of religious forms reflecting a particular culture

Lingua Franca

The language used most commonly by people around the world; defined on the basis of number of speakers, or prevalence of use in commerce and trade.

Trade language

A language mutually understood and commonly used in trade by people who have different native languages

Isogloss

A boundary that separates regions in which different language usages predominate

Language Family

A group of languages that share a common ancestor.

Language Branch

A collection of individual languages believed to be related in their prehistorical origin.

Creole

A language that results from the mixing of a colonizer's language with the indigenous language of the people being dominated.

Pidgin Language

A language mutually understood and commonly used in trade by people who have different native languages.

Cultural Imperialism

The dominance of one culture over another.

Placelessness

The loss of uniqueness of place in the cultural landscape so that one place looks like the next.

Cultural Diversity

The contributions of a country's existing cultures towards its development and progress.

Taboo

A restriction on behavior imposed by social custom.

Habit

A repetitive act performed by a particular individual.

Local Culture

A group of people in a particular place who see themselves as a community and who share experience, customs, and traits.

Folk Culture

Culture traditionally practiced by a small, homogeneous, rural group living in relative isolation from other groups.

Popular Culture

Culture found in a large, heterogeneous society that shares certain habits despite differences in other personal characteristics.

Nation-state

A state whose territory corresponds to that occupied by a particular ethnicity that has been transformed into a nationality

Nationalism

Loyalty and devotion to a nationality.

Balkanization

A process by which a state breaks down through conflicts among its ethnicities.

Ethnic Cleansing

A process in which more powerful ethnic group forcibly removes a less powerful one in order to create an ethnically homogeneous region.

Multi-ethnic state

A state that contains more than one ethnicity.

Imperialism

A policy or practice by which a country increases its power by gaining control over other areas of the world

Centripetal Force

An attitude that unifies people and enhances support for a state.

Centrifugal Force

Forces that destabilize from within the country

State

An area organized into a political unit and ruled by an established government with control over its internal and foreign affairs.

Sea Power

Control of a sea area, the territory around it, and the airways above it.

Frontier

A zone separating two states in which neither state exercises political control.